The effectiveness of raising the heel height of shoes to reduce heel pain in patients with calcaneal spurs

Wibowo, Dwi Basuki; Harahap, Rudiansyah; Widodo, Achmad; Haryadi, Gunawan Dwi; Ariyanto, Mochammad

doi:10.1589/jpts.29.2068

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The mean age of the subjects was 56.5 ± 9.9 years (range between 38-73 years), mean height was 155.6 ± 7.6 cm (range from 144 to 172 cm) and mean weight was 63.3 ± 9.4 kg (range between 50-84.6 kg). The location and dimension of each patient's spur were obtained from lateral X-rays [17]. The length of the spur is classified into 3 types: small (1-2 mm), medium (3-5 mm) and large (≥6 mm) [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The length of the spur is classified into 3 types: small (1-2 mm), medium (3-5 mm) and large (≥6 mm) [13]. There were 7 patients with a calcaneal spur on both feet, but in this study, only the longest spur was evaluated because there is a significant correlation between the length of spur and the pain minimum compressive pressure (PMCP) [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recorded the pressure value and applied a similar procedure to others points. From the recorded data, the PMCP and the point location in each patient can be monitored [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shoes with thick soles and extra cushioning can reduce pain while standing and walking [15,16]. High-heel shoes can shift pressure away from the heel to the mid-foot and fore-foot [17]. Contoured insoles are better than flat insoles in reducing local peak pressures [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of methods have been carried out to estimate the contact pressures or pressure distribution patterns in both feet for each subject during standing and/or walking activity. The methods applied the finite element method (FEM) [15], used a pressure sensor, that is, the Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) [16,17], were based on a weighting scale method [18], used a flexible F-Scan ® insole sensing system [19], or used capacitance sensor/transducers (the PEDAR ® pressure measurement system) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of contouring the shoe insole on calcaneal pressure and heel pain in calcaneal spur patients. Calcaneal pressure was measured using three force sensors from 13 patients including three males and 10 females. These patients have plantar heel pain due to calcaneal spurs, and we examined five customized contour insole foot areas (0–100%). Sensors were attached at the central heel (CH), lateral heel (LH) and medial heel (MH) of the foot. The pain was measured using an algometer and evaluated by the pain minimum compressive pressure (PMCP). In this study, it was observed that the calcaneal pressure decreased with increasing insole foot area. In addition, increasing the insole foot area from 25% to 50% can reduce the calcaneal pressure approximately 17.4% at the LH and 30.9% at the MH, which are smaller than the PMCP, while at the MH, pressure reduced 6.9%, which is greater than the PMCP. Therefore, to reduce pain, one can use 50% insole foot area, even though at MH it is still 19.3% greater than the PMCP. Excellent pain relief was observed when using 100% insole foot area, as the pressures in those three areas are lower than the PMCPs, but it is not recommended because it requires large production costs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recorded the pressure value and applied a similar procedure to others points. From the recorded data, the PMCP and the point location in each patient can be monitored [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

et al. 2019

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Efficacy of heel lifts for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review

Bourke,

Munteanu,

Merza

et al. 2024

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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IntroductionThe objective of this systematic review is to determine the benefits and harms of heel lifts to any comparator for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, Ovid AMED, Ovid EMCARE, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to the end of May 2024. Randomised, quasi‐randomised or non‐randomised trials comparing heel lifts to any other intervention or no‐treatment were eligible for inclusion. Data was extracted for the outcomes of pain, disability/function, participation, participant rating of overall condition, quality of life, composite measures and adverse events. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach at the primary time point 12 weeks (or next closest).ResultsEight trials (n = 903), investigating mid‐portion Achilles tendinopathy, calcaneal apophysitis and plantar heel pain were included. Heel lifts were compared to exercise, ultrasound, cryotherapy orthotics, stretching, footwear, activity modification, felt pads and analgesic medication. No outcome was at low risk of bias and few effects (2 out of 47) were clinically important. Low‐certainty evidence (1 trial, n = 199) indicates improved pain relief (55.7 points [95% CI: 50.3–61.1], on a 100 mm visual analogue scale) with custom orthotics compared to heel lifts at 12 weeks for calcaneal apophysitis. Very low‐certainty evidence (1 trial, n = 62) indicates improved pain and function with heel lifts over indomethacin (35.5 points [95% CI: 21.1–49.9], Foot Function Index) at 12 months for plantar heel pain.ConclusionsFew trials have assessed the benefits and harms of heel lifts for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. Only two outcomes out of 47 showed clinically meaningful between group differences. However, due to very low to low certainty evidence we are unable to be confident in the results and the true effect may be substantially different.RegistrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42022309644.

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A Radiographic Study of Biomechanical Relationship between the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia

Zhu

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. Previously, scholars have concluded that the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia were closely biomechanically related, although there is little clinical evidence of the relationship between the two. To investigate the biomechanical relationship between the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia, the author used standing lateral ankle radiographs of patients with insertional Achilles tendonitis to determine the biomechanical relationship between the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia. Methods. The author collected standing lateral ankle radiographs from patients with insertional Achilles tendonitis who accepted surgical treatment in the author’s hospital from March 2009 to July 2018. According to whether there were bone spurs on the posterior side of the calcaneus, patients were divided into group A (spur present on the posterior side) and group B (spur not present on the posterior side). The positive rates of spurs on the plantar side of the calcaneus were determined in group A and group B. The chi-square test was used to compare the measurement results between the two groups. Results. In group A, 13 heels were positive for calcaneal bone spurs, and the positive rate was 65.0%. In group B, 3 heels were positive for plantar calcaneal spurs, and the positive rate was 12%. Among all 16 patients with positive plantar calcaneal spurs, 13 had posterior calcaneal spurs (accounting for 81.3%), and 3 had negative results, accounting for 18.7%. There was a significant difference between the results in groups A and B (P<0.05). Conclusion. There is a relationship between posterior calcaneal spurs and plantar calcaneal spurs in patients with insertional Achilles tendonitis, which can be inferred as resulting from the increasing tension in the biomechanically complex relationship between the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia.

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The effectiveness of raising the heel height of shoes to reduce heel pain in patients with calcaneal spurs

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

Efficacy of heel lifts for lower limb musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review

A Radiographic Study of Biomechanical Relationship between the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia

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