The effectiveness of sodium chloride and formalin in trichodiniasis of farmed freshwater tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in southeastern Mexico

García-Magaña, Leticia; Rodríguez-Santiago, Maria Amparo; Grano-Maldonado, Mayra I.; Jiménez-Vasconcelos, Laura; Guerra-Santos, J. J.

doi:10.3856/vol47-issue1-fulltext-18

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies on the effect of salinity on fish have focused on examining how salinity affects the growth, mortality, health condition, and osmotic stress of fish farm [9,13,14,22,45,46] and hatching eggs [47]. This type of research is necessary because it might help to properly choose salt concentrations and times of exposition of fish to keep them healthy during farming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a number of studies, NaCl has been found to be an effective prophylactic treatment against important protozoans, helminthes, and fungal pathogens [10][11][12]. Increased salinity helped to suppress trichodiniasis (one of the major diseases in fish aquaculture worldwide, which causes massive fish mortality) in farmed freshwater tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [13]. However, changes in salinity can exert stress on fish, and thus affect the growth condition of the animals [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Salinity on the Gut Microbiome of Pike Fry (Esox lucius)

et al. 2020

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The increasing popularity of pike in angling and fish farming has created a need to increase pike production. However, intensive pike farming is subject to limitations due to diseases and pathogens. Sodium chloride (NaCl) could be a good alternative to chemotherapeutics, especially for protecting the fish against pathogens and parasites at early life stages. However, the impact of high salinity on the symbiotic bacteria inhabiting freshwater fish is still unclear. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the gut microbiome to find possible changes caused by salinity. In this study, the influence of 3‰ and 7‰ salinity on pike fry was investigated. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the gut microbiome of the fish. It was found that salinity had a statistically significant influence on pike fry mortality. Mortality was highest in the 7‰ salinity group and lowest in the 3‰ group. Microbiological analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria predominated in the pike gut microbiome in all examined groups, followed by lower percentages of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. There were no statistically significant differences in the percent abundance of bacterial taxa between the control group and groups with a higher salinity. Our results suggest that salinity influences the gut microbiome structure in pike fry, and that 3‰ salinity may be a good solution for culturing pike at this stage in their development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity on the Gut Microbiome of Pike Fry (Esox lucius)

et al. 2020

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“…The physiological and immune systems of fish are sensitive to environmental changes and they can react to lethal and sublethal levels of xenobiotics or their metabolites, which are used as chemotherapeutic agents to control and treat parasitic diseases (Nouh & Selim, 2013). Negative effects from these chemotherapeutic agents include increasing the susceptibility of fish to other diseases and mortality (Andrade‐Porto et al, 2017; Fajer‐Ávila et al, 2007; García‐Magaña et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These chemotherapeutic are often used for different fish species with different metabolisms and hence, their efficacy can vary according to fish and parasite species. Formalin has been recognized as an effective chemotherapeutant to control various ectoparasite diseases in fish (Allison, 1954; Andrade‐Porto et al, 2017; Chmelova et al, 2016; Fish, 1940a, 1940b; Fish & Burrows, 1940; García‐Magaña et al, 2019; Harms, 1996; Sandoval‐Gío et al, 2019; Stoskopf, 1988; Subasinghe & Yusoff, 1993). However, further review is needed regarding the adequate use of formalin and its toxicological, histomorphological and physiological effects on fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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The search for more effective methods and drugs to control parasites in fish farming is constant. Several studies have evaluated the effects of formalin in freshwater and marine fish and their parasites. Thus, this paper focuses on the major toxicological aspects of this chemotherapeutic including growth performance, histopathological damages, haematological and biochemical alterations, and antiparasitic efficacy. Acute toxicity (LC50—96 h) to formalin sulphate vary widely among fish species (0.1–640.0 mg/L) depending on various factors, as many fish species are sensitive to concentrations near those required for controlling and treating parasites. The toxicity of formalin on some metabolic processes leads to disturbances and imbalances to various physiological functions, particularly respiration and haematological and biochemical processes, due to histopathological damages in gills and haematopoietic organs. Formalin often affects the gills, liver, kidney and spleen, and in the gills provokes an increase in mucus and chloride cells, hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy of lamellae and epithelial lifting. Formalin used in therapeutic baths is extremely effective against various protozoan and monogenean species, which are parasites that infect gills, skin and/or fins of farmed freshwater and marine fish.

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“…Common carp (45.67 ± 3.32 g) purchased from a local farm (Zahak, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran) were transferred to University of Zabol. After arrival, fish were bathed with sodium chloride (2%) for 10 min (García‐Magaña, Rodríguez‐Santiago, Grano‐Maldonado, Jiménez‐Vasconcelos, & Guerra‐Santos, 2019) and kept in two 1,000 L tanks for 10‐day acclimation. Fish were randomly allocated into 12 fiberglass tanks (100 L) with an initial density of 20 common carp per tank (four groups, triplicates).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lemon, Citrus aurantifolia, peel and Bacillus licheniformis protected common carp, Cyprinus carpio, from Aeromonas hydrophila infection by improving the humoral and skin mucosal immunity, and antioxidative responses

Sadeghi

Ahmadifar

Moghadam

et al. 2020

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The role of dietary lemon peel (LM) and/or Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth, immunity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp, Cyprinus carpio was investigated in this study. LM and BL were included in diets at 0% (T0), 108 CFU/g BL (T1), 1.5% LM and 108 CFU/g BL (T2), and 3% LM and 108 CFU/g BL (T3). Fish fed with T1, T2, or T3 had higher weight gain, specific growth rate, white blood cells count, and blood total protein with lower feed conversion ratio than T0 group (p < .05). The albumin increased significantly (p < .05) in fish fed both BL and LM (T3). The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lysozyme, and bactericidal activities were significantly increased in fish fed both BL and LM (T2 and T3), while serum glutathione peroxidase increased in fish fed BL (T2) (p < .05). Fish fed T1, T2, and T3 diets displayed higher SOD and lower malondialdehyde than fish fed T0 (p < .05). After the A. hydrophila challenge, the mortality rate was significantly lower in T1, T2, and T3 groups than the T0 group (p < .05). The obtained results revealed that LM and BL could be used to increase resistance against A. hydrophila infection in carp. However, further field studies should be performed to confirm the obtained results.

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The effectiveness of sodium chloride and formalin in trichodiniasis of farmed freshwater tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in southeastern Mexico

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Salinity on the Gut Microbiome of Pike Fry (Esox lucius)

Effect of Salinity on the Gut Microbiome of Pike Fry (Esox lucius)

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Lemon, Citrus aurantifolia, peel and Bacillus licheniformis protected common carp, Cyprinus carpio, from Aeromonas hydrophila infection by improving the humoral and skin mucosal immunity, and antioxidative responses

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