The Effectiveness of the Use of Methods of Collapse Therapy and Valvular Bronchoblocation as Preoperative Preparation in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract

An important area in the work of the TB service is the search for integrated approaches in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. One of these approaches is the widespread use of methods of artificial pneumoperitoneum and endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation. The active use of surgical treatment can also be an effective technique.The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of methods of artificial pneumoperitoneum and endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation as preoperative preparation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Materials and methods. The study included 295 patients: group 1 — patients treated with artificial pneumoperitoneum and endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation (n = 201); group 2 consisted patients who did not use these methods (n = 94).Results. Operations with the smallest volume were significantly more often performed in patients of group 1a (34.8 %), compared with group 1b and group 2a (p1a–1b = 0.016, p1a–2a = 0.014). Large-volume surgery was significantly more often performed in patients of group 2 (41.1 %, p1a–2a = 0.028).Discussion. The use of artificial pneumoperitoneum and endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation helps to reduce the volume of surgical intervention. Thus, in the group of patients after effective endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation and artificial pneumoperitoneum, lung resection within 1–2 segments was significantly more often used; whereas in the group of patients who did not use artificial pneumoperitoneum and endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation techniques, large-scale surgical interventions were more often resorted to.Conclusion. The use of artificial pneumoperitoneum and endobronchial valvular bronchoblocation helps to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the volume of surgery, preventing significant damage to the loss of lung tissue.