The Effectiveness of Various Disinfectants Used as Endodontic Intracanal Medications: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the suitability of four disinfectants as intracanal medications: calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine in the form of a controlled-release delivery system (PerioChip), and the combination of chlorhexidine gel with calcium hydroxide. Saline was used as the control. The disinfectants were tested at three different time periods (3, 8, and 14 days) by using human tooth specimens that had been previously contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Calcium hydroxide worked very efficiently in killing E. faecalis in the 3-day group and 8-day group. It was not as effective in the 14-day group. The different chlorhexidine formulations were also found to be effective for all time periods. More specifically, the combination of chlorhexidine gel with calcium hydroxide and the chlorhexidine gel worked slightly better than the PerioChip, but there was no significant difference among the medications.

Antibacterial effect of triantibiotic mixture versus calcium hydroxide in combination with active agents against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm

“…CH is widely used as intracanal medication due to its organic tissue dissolution potential 26) , antibacterial activity 27) , and antiinflammatory capacity 28) . Since CH is ineffective in elimination of some microorganisms such as E. faecalis, to improve its antibacterial activity, it has been combined with other materials [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] . In the present study, to evaluate the combination potential of CH, it was combined with two established endodontic irrigants (CHX, NaOCl) and COL a medication with possible antibacterial potentials.…”

“…This model provides reconstruction of the microanatomy of dentin, simulates the chemical environment of the root canal system, and allows biofilm development 40) . Numerous studies have evaluated the antibacterial effect of CH alone or in combination with different materials using the dentin block model [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] . However, there is still controversy on whether combination of CH with other active agents enhances its antibacterial potential.…”

“…This strain easily penetrates into dentinal tubules 41) . Since this bacterium is highly resistant against different antibacterial agents, it has been used to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of different intracanal medications in various studies 20,[30][31][32][34][35][36][37]43) . Accordingly, this strain was selected as a measure for antibacterial property of selected medications in the present investigation.…”

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Trendelenburg Positioning in Robotic Assisted Radical Cystectomy

“…As a result, RARC has been increasingly utilized in the management of muscle invasive bladder cancer [1,2]. In order to provide optimal surgical exposure, this procedure requires positioning in steep Trendelenburg for several hours with known alterations in cardiovascular physiology [5,10,12].…”

“…Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has been increasingly utilized in the management of muscle invasive bladder cancer [1,2]. Compared to conventional open cystectomy, RARC offers the potential to reduce perioperative complications while maintaining comparable surgical and oncological outcomes [3,4].…”