The Effectiveness of Whole Body Cryotherapy Compared to Cold Water Immersion: Implications for Sport and Exercise Recovery

doi:10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.4n.4p.32

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Heart rate was about 3.5% lower after PBC than CON condition, and the same result was observed for V'O 2 (~4.9%), V'E (~6.5%), EC (~9.0%) and PMET (~6.7%). These results are in agreement with those of Krüger et al 2015 (Holmes and Willoughby 2016). Schmidt and Bruck (1981) claimed that decreasing the body temperature at the onset of exercise, the critical environmental heat stress limits for exercising would decrease.…”

Section: Oxygen Uptakesupporting

confidence: 91%

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Physiological responses to partial-body cryotherapy performed during a concurrent strength and endurance session

Piras

Campa

Toselli

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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This investigation examined the effect of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) performed in the recovery time between a strength training and an interval running (IR). Nine rugby players [age 23.7±3.6, BMI 28.0±2.6 kg/m2] were randomly exposed to two different conditions: i) PBC: 3-min at -160°C; ii) passive recovery at 21°C. We recorded the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), temperature, and cardiac autonomic variables in three moments: at baseline, after strength training (R0) and after 90-min of recovery (R90). Additionally, the blood lactate concentration was measured 1-min before and 2.5-min after the IR. The heart rate, energy cost, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake and metabolic power were assessed during the IR. The homeostatic hydration status was affected by the execution of intense strength training sub-session. Then, after PBC the BIA vector was restored back, close to normohydration status. Autonomic variables changed over time in both conditions, although the mean differences and effect sizes were higher in the PBC condition. During IR, the heart rate was 3.5% lower after PBC, and the same result was observed for the oxygen uptake (~4.9%) and ventilation (~6.5%). The energy cost measured after cryotherapy was ~9.0% lower than after passive recovery. Cryotherapy enhances recovery after a single strength training, while during the subsequent interval running it shows a reduction in cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters. PBC may be used in those athletes who compete or train more than once in the same day to improve recovery between successive training sessions or competitions.

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Section: Oxygen Uptakesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Partial-body cryotherapy has become a popular mode of cryotherapy (Hausswirth et al 2013), but only few studies have investigated this method on recovery ( Ferreira-Junior et al 2014;Hausswirth et al 2013;Holmes and Willoughby 2016). Moreover, no study has examined the influence of cryotherapy during concurrent training in team sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses to partial-body cryotherapy performed during a concurrent strength and endurance session

Piras

Campa

Toselli

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…However, WBC systems are quite expensive. As CWI is easier to administer for athletes and is a more cost-effective method of recovery with the use of cold than WBC (while providing the same or even greater benefits), it remains the more common method among individuals and teams [13]. There exists a long-standing belief that CWI reduces inflammation in tissues within and around the injured sites in skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Followed by Short-Term Cold-Water Immersion on the Inflammatory State in Healthy Recreational Athletes: A Cross-Over Study

Pawłowska

Mila-Kierzenkowska

Boraczyński

et al. 2021

JCM

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Cold-water immersion (CWI) after exercise is a method used by sportsmen to improve recovery. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a 3 min CWI on the inflammatory state by measuring levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and activities of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and lysosomal enzymes, including arylsulfatase (ASA), acid phosphatase (AcP), and cathepsin D (CTS D), in the blood of healthy recreational athletes. Male volunteers (n = 22, age 25 ± 4.8 yr) performed a 30 min submaximal aerobic exercise, followed by a 20 min rest at room temperature (RT-REST) or a 20 min rest at room temperature with an initial 3 min 8 °C water bath (CWI-REST). Blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately after exercise, and after 20 min of recovery. The IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels and the AAT activity increased significantly immediately after exercise. The IL-6 level was significantly higher after CWI-REST than after RT-REST. No changes in the activities of the lysosomal enzymes were observed. The effect of a 3 min CWI on the level of inflammatory markers during post-exercise recovery was limited. Thus, it might be considered as a widely available method of regeneration for recreational athletes.

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Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

Partridge

Cooke

McKune

et al. 2021

Sports

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Whole- (WBC) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) are commonly used sports medicine modalities for the treatment of injury and exercise recovery. Physiological and perceptual effects have the potential to be utilised in a novel application that involves pre-exercise WBC and PBC exposure to improve physical performance. A systematic literature search of multiple databases was conducted in July 2021 to identify and evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure of WBC or PBC on physical performance measures, and any potential translational effects. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) use of WBC or PBC exposure pre-exercise, (2) use of WBC or PBC in healthy and/or athletic populations, (3) control group was used in the data collection, and (4) investigated physiological, psychosocial or direct physical performance impacts of pre-exercise cryotherapy exposure. A total of 759 titles were identified, with twelve relevant studies satisfying the inclusion criteria after full-text screening. The twelve studies were categorised into three key areas: performance testing (n = 6), oxidative stress response (n = 4) and lysosomal enzyme activity (n = 2). The potential for eliciting favourable physical and physiological responses from pre-exercise WBC or PBC is currently unclear with a paucity of good quality research available. Furthermore, a lack of standardisation of cryotherapy protocols is a current challenge.

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The Effectiveness of Whole Body Cryotherapy Compared to Cold Water Immersion: Implications for Sport and Exercise Recovery

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Physiological responses to partial-body cryotherapy performed during a concurrent strength and endurance session

Physiological responses to partial-body cryotherapy performed during a concurrent strength and endurance session

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Followed by Short-Term Cold-Water Immersion on the Inflammatory State in Healthy Recreational Athletes: A Cross-Over Study

Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

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