The effects of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) on the ERG and ganglion cell discharge of rabbit retina

Massey, Stephen C.; Redburn, Dianna A.; Crawford, Melba M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90174-8

Cited by 101 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2 A). These results are consistent with previous experiments in rabbit, cat, and guinea pig and indicate that the origin of maintained firing in ON cells arises from tonic synaptic drive from ON bipolar cells (Massey et al, 1983;Bolz et al, 1984;Zaghloul et al, 2003). L-APB had the opposite effects on the maintained firing of OFF cells, causing a ϳ10 mV depolarization and an increase in spike rate (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of L-apb On Maintained Activitysupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Similar effects were seen in OFF S RGCs (data not shown). The differential effect of L-APB on ON and OFF RGC firing has been reported previously in other species (Massey et al, 1983;Bolz et al, 1984;Wassle et al, 1986;Zaghloul et al, 2003) and has been interpreted as showing that the ON pathway provides tonic inhibition to the OFF pathway, most likely through an inhibitory amacrine interneuron (Fig. 2C).…”

Section: Effects Of L-apb On Maintained Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

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Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Margolis¹,

Detwiler²

2007

J. Neurosci.

195

327

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Neuronal discharge is driven by either synaptic input or cell-autonomous intrinsic pacemaker activity. It is commonly assumed that the resting spike activity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output cells of the retina, is driven synaptically, because retinal photoreceptors and second-order cells tonically release neurotransmitter. Here we show that ON and OFF RGCs generate maintained activity through different mechanisms: ON cells depend on tonic excitatory input to drive resting activity, whereas OFF cells continue to fire in the absence of synaptic input. In addition to spontaneous activity, OFF cells exhibit other properties of pacemaker neurons, including subthreshold oscillations, burst firing, and rebound excitation. Thus, variable weighting of synaptic mechanisms and intrinsic properties underlies differences in the generation of maintained activity in these parallel retinal pathways.

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Section: Effects Of L-apb On Maintained Activitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Effects Of L-apb On Maintained Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Margolis¹,

Detwiler²

2007

J. Neurosci.

195

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…6). L-AP-4 caused an OFF cell to depolarize, increase its spike rate, and become bursty (i.e., increased variance of membrane voltage) even in the absence of spiking (Massey et al, 1983;Bolz et al, 1984;Wassle et al, 1986). Because L-AP-4 also increased input resistance in most cells, we conclude that normally an ON amacrine cell directly inhibits the OFF ganglion cell dendrite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Different Circuits for ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells Cause Different Contrast Sensitivities

Zaghloul¹,

Boahen

Demb³

2003

J. Neurosci.

217

309

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The theory of "parallel pathways" predicts that, except for a sign reversal, ON and OFF ganglion cells are driven by a similar presynaptic circuit. To test this hypothesis, we measured synaptic inputs to ON and OFF cells as reflected in the subthreshold membrane potential. We made intracellular recordings from brisk-transient (Y) cells in the in vitro guinea pig retina and show that ON and OFF cells in fact express significant asymmetries in their synaptic inputs. An ON cell receives relatively linear input that modulates a single excitatory conductance; whereas an OFF cell receives rectified input that modulates both inhibitory and excitatory conductances. The ON pathway, blocked by L-AP-4, tonically inhibits an OFF cell at mean luminance and phasically inhibits an OFF cell during a light increment. Our results suggest that basal glutamate release is high at ON but not OFF bipolar terminals, and inhibition between pathways is unidirectional: ON 3 OFF. These circuit asymmetries explain asymmetric contrast sensitivity observed in spiking behavior.

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“…White light stimuli were directed onto the eyecup through a fiber optic positioned above the preparation. In flash-duration experiments, the d-wave was isolated by applying the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist L-AP4 (10 µM), which blocks the b-wave (Massey et al, 1983). For analysis, the d-wave peak amplitude was measured from the PIII component immediately before light offset.…”

Section: Intraretinal Electroretinogram (Erg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calmodulin enhances ribbon replenishment and shapes filtering of synaptic transmission by cone photoreceptors

Hook¹,

Parmelee²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

J Cell Biol

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At the first synapse in the vertebrate visual pathway, light-evoked changes in photoreceptor membrane potential alter the rate of glutamate release onto second-order retinal neurons. This process depends on the synaptic ribbon, a specialized structure found at various sensory synapses, to provide a supply of primed vesicles for release. Calcium (Ca 2+ ) accelerates the replenishment of vesicles at cone ribbon synapses, but the mechanisms underlying this acceleration and its functional implications for vision are unknown. We studied vesicle replenishment using paired whole-cell recordings of cones and postsynaptic neurons in tiger salamander retinas and found that it involves two kinetic mechanisms, the faster of which was diminished by calmodulin (CaM) inhibitors. We developed an analytical model that can be applied to both conventional and ribbon synapses and showed that vesicle resupply is limited by a simple time constant,  = 1/(Ds), where D is the vesicle diffusion coefficient,  is the vesicle diameter,  is the vesicle density, and s is the probability of vesicle attachment. The combination of electrophysiological measurements, modeling, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of single synaptic vesicles suggested that CaM speeds replenishment by enhancing vesicle attachment to the ribbon. Using electroretinogram and whole-cell recordings of light responses, we found that enhanced replenishment improves the ability of cone synapses to signal darkness after brief flashes of light and enhances the amplitude of responses to higherfrequency stimuli. By accelerating the resupply of vesicles to the ribbon, CaM extends the temporal range of synaptic transmission, allowing cones to transmit higher-frequency visual information to downstream neurons. Thus, the ability of the visual system to encode time-varying stimuli is shaped by the dynamics of vesicle replenishment at photoreceptor synaptic ribbons.

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The effects of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) on the ERG and ganglion cell discharge of rabbit retina

Cited by 101 publications

References 18 publications

Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells

Different Circuits for ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells Cause Different Contrast Sensitivities

Calmodulin enhances ribbon replenishment and shapes filtering of synaptic transmission by cone photoreceptors

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