“…It has been argued that physiological arousal mediates the effect of VR on presence and emotions (Freeman et al, 2005;Visch et al, 2010), at least for strongly arousing emotions, such as fear and anxiety (Juan and Perez, 2009), and potentially also anger (Diemer et al, 2015). Indeed, immersive 360° video has been found to lead to higher levels of presence (Bindman et al, 2018;Suh et al, 2018Vettehen et al, 2019, and to evoke stronger physiological responses than traditional 2D video (Chirico et al, 2017) and of similar intensity as responses elicited in real environments (Higuera-Trujillo et al, 2017).…”