The effects of a combined androgenic-oestrogenic anabolic agent in steers and bulls 2. Muscle weight distribution, partition of body fat and carcass value

Wood, J. D.; Fisher, Alan; Whelehan, O. P.

doi:10.1017/s000335610001792x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The only clear effect of sex on muscle growth and distribution was in the neck and thorax muscle group, entire males having a faster relative growth and heavier weight of muscle than females. These results suggest no difference in the maturing characteristics of the musculature in males and females, and that the differences in the neck and thorax were caused by sex hormones as in cattle (Wood, Fisher & Whelehan, 1986). Furthermore, the muscle distribution and growth patterns do not support the view that entire males have an inferior muscle distribution which would lower carcass quality in comparison with the other 'sexes'.…”

Section: Development and Distribution Of Musclementioning

confidence: 77%

Breed and sex effects on the development, distribution of muscle, fat and bone, and the partition of fat in pigs

1987

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Dissection data from 341 carcasses collected over a period of 7 years at the Institute of Food Research, Bristol (Large White, 138 entire males and 112 females; Pietrain, 41 entire males and 31 females; Iron Age (European Wild Pig x Tamworth), 8 entire males and 11 females) were used to examine the growth of muscle, fat and bone in joints relative to the corresponding total tissue in the side, and the growth of the fat depots relative to total side fat.The musculature of Iron Age pigs was early maturing, as indicated by a particularly slow growth of pelvic limb and fast growth of neck and thorax muscles relative to total side muscle. As a consequence, Iron Age pigs had a lower percentage of pelvic limb and a higher percentage of neck and thorax muscles than the other breeds. Pietrains had proportionately the heaviest pelvic limb muscles, a result which was apparently independent of the overriding effect of maturity. However, considering the large difference in body shape (conformation) between Pietrain and Iron Age pigs, the differences in muscle weight distribution were small. Entire males had faster growing and heavier neck and thorax muscles than females. This was considered to be due to the effects of sex hormones. Entire males had proportionately less muscle in the pelvic limb.Within carcass fat, the order of increasing growth rate relative to total side fat was intermuscular fat < subcutaneous fat < perirenal-retroperitoneal fat. Pietrain and Iron Age pigs had higher relative growth rates for subcutaneous fat and lower relative growth rates for intermuscular fat than Large Whites, an indication of earlier maturity in carcass fat development. This was reflected in Iron Age pigs, but not Pietrains, in a particularly heavy weight of subcutaneous fat and light weight of intermuscular fat. Within the subcutaneous and intermuscular fat depots, the highest allometric growth coefficients were generally observed in the forequarter. There were no consistent breed effects on the distribution of subcutaneous fat whereas, in the intermuscular fat depot, Iron Age pigs had less fat in the earlier-maturing thoracic limb, and lumbar and abdominal joint. At the same weight of total side fat (8-80 kg), entire male Pietrains and Large Whites had more intermuscular and less subcutaneous fat than females. There was no sex difference in fat partition in Iron Age pigs.In all breeds, bone in the pelvic limb had the slowest relative growth. Similarly, the femur and the tibia-fibula were the two slowest growing bones of the four major limb bones examined. Otherwise, there was no consistent pattern of relative growth throughout the skeleton. Breed effects on relative growth within the skeleton and on bone distribution were small and considered to be of little commercial significance. Pietrains had the highest muscle: bone ratio in each of the four anatomical joints. Entire males and females had a similar relative growth and distribution of bones. Females had consistently higher muscle:bone ratios.

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Section: Development and Distribution Of Musclementioning

confidence: 77%

Breed and sex effects on the development, distribution of muscle, fat and bone, and the partition of fat in pigs

1987

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“…The effect of male sex hormones associated with the often difficult temperament of entire horses may increase the likelihood of tendon injury. Alternatively, differences in body composition, including greater forequarter size, have been reported in entire males of other species compared to geldings (Watson 1969;Wood et al 1986). Similar differences in entire horses may increase the likelihood of SDF tendon injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive analysis of retirement of Thoroughbred racehorses due to tendon injuries at the Hong Kong Jockey Club (1992–2004)

Lam¹,

Parkin

Riggs

et al. 2007

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…It has been shown however that, in sheep, the rate of synthesis in the vastus intermedius muscle in the hind leg is higher than in the neighbouring vastus lateralis and in the longissimus dorsi in the back (Bryant & Smith 1982;. The comparative slaughter experiment of Wood et al (1986) showed that, in steers treated with a combined implant of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol, there was preferential deposition of protein in the forequarter muscles compared with the muscles of the back and . hindquarter; but whether this was the result of a relative increase in synthesis or a decrease in degradation in the forequarter is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-body and tissue protein synthesis in steers losing weight on a low-protein roughage diet: the effect of trenbolone acetate

Hunter

Magner

1990

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YSix Brahman (Bos indicus) steers implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and six similar nonimplanted steers were fed a low-quality, low-protein roughage diet at 10 g dry matter/kg live weight. They were housed in individual pens for 27 days in 1987 before being placed in metabolism crates for measurement of digestibility, nitrogen retention, and the rate of protein synthesis in the whole body and fractional rate in three muscles and hide.The rate of weight loss of steers treated with trenbolone acetate was significantly (P < 005) less than that of controls (-0-34 v. -0-56 kg/day). Treated steers excreted significantly (P < 005) less 3-methylhistidine (128 v. 202 umol) and urea N (0-5 v. 1 -6 g/day) in urine. There was a more favourable nitrogen retention in animals implanted with trenbolone acetate (-10 v. -12g/day) but this difference was not significant.Whole-body protein synthesis, calculated from plasma leucine flux, was 511 and 508 g/day in treated and control steers, respectively. Treatment also had no significant effect on the fractional rate of protein synthesis, in skeletal muscle or in hide. The fractional rate of synthesis in muscle was < 1 %/day and in hide < 2%/day. These results are discussed in relation to the protein and energy metabolism of undernourished cattle. I N T R O D U C T I O Na su b m ai n tenance diet and related changes in protein metabolism to known changes in energy metabolism Beef production in seasonally dry areas follows a (Hunter & Vercoe 1987) associated with trenbolone pattern of weight gain during the wet season and zero acetate treatment. gain or weight loss during the dry season, resulting in A possible complication with trenbolone acetate is small annual gains. Improvements in production the differential effect on protein transactions in could result from an increase in gain during the wet or different muscles. It can be calculated from the a decrease in loss during the dry season. There is comparative slaughter experiment of Wood et al. evidence that the anabolic agent trenbolone acetate (1986) that a combined implant of trenbolone acetate reduces energy expenditure in cattle (Hunter & and oestradiol increased protein deposition in the Vercoe 1987), and thus has the potential to reduce neck and shoulder by an average of c. 20% and in the weight loss in the dry season. It has been suggested vertebral column and hindquarter muscles by only that part of the mode of action of trenbolone acetate c. 10%. In this paper, the effect of trenbolone acetate in the weight gain of female rats (Vemon & Buttery on protein synthesis in the whole body, in the hide 1976, \91Sa,b)and female lambs (Sinnett-Smith et al. and in three muscles was measured, and the calculated 1983) is its effect on reducing muscle protein synthesis energy costs of protein synthesis were related to and breakdown. As the reduction in breakdown is energy expenditure in the whole animal. The muscles greater than the reduction in synthesis, the net result were the trapezius in the shoulder, the longiss...

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The effects of a combined androgenic-oestrogenic anabolic agent in steers and bulls 2. Muscle weight distribution, partition of body fat and carcass value

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Breed and sex effects on the development, distribution of muscle, fat and bone, and the partition of fat in pigs

Breed and sex effects on the development, distribution of muscle, fat and bone, and the partition of fat in pigs

Descriptive analysis of retirement of Thoroughbred racehorses due to tendon injuries at the Hong Kong Jockey Club (1992–2004)

Whole-body and tissue protein synthesis in steers losing weight on a low-protein roughage diet: the effect of trenbolone acetate

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