The effects of a high-animal- and a high-vegetable-protein diet on mineral balance and bowel function of young men

Abstract

1. Twelve young men were given for periods of 20 d, each of three mixed diets, namely a low-protein (LP) diet (9% total energy as protein, 67% of animal origin), a high-animal-protein (HA) diet (16% total energy as protein, 67% of animal origin) and a high-vegetable-protein (HV) diet (16% total energy as protein, 67% of vegetable origin). Retention of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper as well as various bowel function indices were investigated during each dietary period.2. Neither the HA diet nor the HV diet changed the retention of the minerals considerably. Only Fe balance decreased significantly on the HV diet.3. Substituting the HV diet for the HA diet resulted in significant increases in faecal wet weight (17 g/d), defaecation frequency (0.12 stools/d), faecal volatile fatty acids (2.6 mmol/d) and a decrease in faecal bile acids (128 pmolld).4. It is concluded that a HV diet, rather than a HA diet IS to be recommended with respect to bowel function, whereas the HV diet does not necessarily have a significani influence on mineral retention.For a number of minerals and trace elements recommended daily allowances (RDA) have been formulated. Various dietary factors are known to influence mineral or trace element availability (Rosenberg & Solomons, 1982). These influences are of importance in the evaluation of the RDA of trace elements and minerals. It is known that an increased protein intake may result in enhanced urinary calcium excretion and a negative Ca balance (Wachman & Bernstein, 1968;Hegsted et al. 1981 ;Linkswiler et al. 1981). Little information is available on the influence of protein intake on mineral balance other than Ca. The RDA for protein is slightly different in various countries. For The Netherlands the protein RDA for male adults is 65-70 g (9-10% energy total), UK recommendations amount to 63-72 g (10% total energy), and US recommendations are 56 g protein (8 total energy) (International Union of Nutrition Sciences, 1983). The actual intake mostty exceeds the RDA. In The Netherlands, protein intake often reaches values of 14-147; total energy (Van Dokkum, 1984). The effect of increasing protein intake from an RDA level to the actual intake level on mineral balance is not known. Because of the beneficial influence dietary fibre may have on bowel function, it is generally recommended to increase the dietary fibre intake in Western food patterns (Heaton, 1983). One of the ways to achieve this is to increase vegetable (protein) products and to decrease animal protein intake. This change in dietary pattern is one of the recommendations in The Netherlands (Van Dokkum, 1984). The effect of this proposed change on mineral balance has not yet been studied.In the present paper the results are presented of experiments regarding the influence on mineral utilization and bowel function when both dietary changes are brought about. M E T H O D SDetails of the experimental design are shown in Table 1. Twelve healthy male volunteers (mean age 23 (SE 2) years, weight 72 (SE 7) kg, height I .82 (SE 0...

Urinary calcium and calcium balance in young women affected by high protein diet of soy protein isolate and adding sulfur-containing amino acids and/or potassium.

“…Those as large as in our subjects were also found in the papers by other investi gators (9,15,18,23,25). It might be partly caused by the difference in endogenous factors, for example hormonal condition, and the activities of individual subjects .…”

“…Addition of apple to SPI diet caused further effect on the fecal weight and on calcium concentration. Recently Dukkum et al (25) observed that high vegetable protein increased fecal weight and calcium excretion and the mean net calcium balance became negative. Effect of dietary fiber or vegetable protein on calcium absorption and retention should be elucidated in detail in the future.…”

Dietary Factors Influencing Magnesium Absorption in Humans

“…Studies showing no effect of dietary proteins on Mg absorption have also been reported, however, they tended to suffer from methodological limitations, namely that the Mg content in the diet was not standardized but was higher in the high protein diets, with the potential risk of decreasing fractional Mg due to higher oral Mg load [193][194][195][196]. Thus, a few human studies indicate a positive relationship between protein intake and apparent Mg absorption, even though the mechanism for this observation remains speculative.…”

Μελέτη Καθαρισμού Και Ανάκτησης Οργανικών Συστατικών Αποβλήτων Ελαιουργείου Με Τη Χρήση Φυσικοχημικών Διεργασιών Και Μεμβρανών Διαφορετικών Ιδιοτήτων Και Προέλευσης

“…Δλάθθμο, πνδζζιμπμζμφκηαζ ςξ δμιζημί πανάβμκηεξ ζε «ζκαη» βζα ηδκ ιείςζδ ημο πνυκμο λήνακζδξ αοηχκ (Seetharaman et al, 1994). ε ζπέζδ ιε ηζξ επζδνάζεζξ ζημκ ακενχπζκμ μνβακζζιυ, μζ αδζάθοηεξ ίκεξ αολάκμοκ ηδ θεζημονβία ημο εκηένμο ηαζ ιεζχκμοκ ημ πνυκμ πέρδξ (Staniforth et al, 1991), εκχ μζ δζαθοηέξ ίκεξ απμδμιμφκηαζ πθήνςξ απυ ηδκ ιζηνμπθςνίδα ημο οπμβαζηνίμο ηαζ έηζζ δεκ επδνεάγμοκ ηδ θεζημονβία ημο (Van Dokkum et al, 1988). φιθςκα ιε ηαθά ηεηιδνζςιέκεξ ιεθέηεξ, δ ορδθή ηαηακάθςζδ ζκχκ (ζημ ζφκμθμ ημοξ) πνμηαθεί εοενβεηζηέξ επζδνάζεζξ ζημκ ακενχπζκμ μνβακζζιυ (Beecher, 1999;Jiménez-Escribano et al, 2001).…”