The effects of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract

Background We aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics in soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and non-injured soccer players during a soccer-specific landing maneuver. Methods Eighteen soccer players who underwent ACLR and 18 normal soccer players were enrolled in this investigation (ACLR group; age, 26.11 ± 3.95 years; body mass index, 23.52 ± 2.69 kg/m2; surgery time, 5 ± 3.30 years: control group; age, 25.83 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 24.09 ± 3.73 kg/m2, respectively). Participants were evaluated during the landing maneuver before and after carrying out the high-intensity exercise bout using the Wingate test. The intensity of the exercise was defined as a blood lactate accumulation of at least 4 mmol/L. The dependent variables included sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus. Results On 2 × 2 analysis of variance, none of the dependent variable showed significant exercise×group interactions. Regardless of group, significant main effects of exercise were found. Post-exercise landing was characterized by increased flexion of hip (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.001), and ankle joints (p = 0.002); increased extension moments of hip (p = 0.009), knee (p = 0.012), and ankle joints (p = 0.003), as well as decreased quadriceps activity (p = 0.007). Conclusion At 1 year or more post-ACLR, the effect of the high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics is not expected to differ from that experienced by healthy soccer players.

Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

“…Medium risk of bias was found for over 2/3 of the studies (22/32, 68.7%) [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 26 – 28 , 34 , 41 , 46 , 49 , 61 , 69 , 80 , 86 , 90 – 92 , 96 , 101 ], 4/32 (12.5%) were of high methodological quality [ 10 , 62 , 78 , 79 ] and 6/32 studies (18.8%) were of low quality [ 39 , 72 , 81 , 82 , 89 , 109 ] (Supplementary Tables S 1 -S 3 ). The main reasons for a medium to low methodological quality were due to unclear description of participants and/or prior interventions.…”

“…Running studies were case–control [ 34 , 46 , 89 , 91 ] or case series [ 90 , 92 ] (Table 1 ). Jumping studies were case–control [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 39 , 49 , 61 , 69 , 72 , 80 – 82 , 86 , 96 , 101 ] and case series [ 27 , 41 , 62 , 78 , 79 ] (Table 2 ). Cuttting/CoD studies were case–control [ 6 , 10 , 26 , 82 ] or case-study [ 109 ] (Table 3 ).…”

“…Running studies recruited exclusively males [ 34 , 46 , 89 – 92 ] receiving the median or medial 1/3 of the bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB) [ 89 – 92 ], hamstrings HS [ 46 ] or a mixed BPTB and (HS) [ 34 ] grafts and their activity level was mainly amateur soccer players [ 89 – 92 ] (Table 1 ). Jumping studies recruited exclusively males [ 12 , 27 , 28 , 41 , 72 , 96 , 101 ], females [ 80 – 82 ] or both males and females [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 21 , 39 , 49 , 61 , 62 , 69 , 78 , 79 , 86 ] receiving BPTB [ 39 , 86 , 101 ], hamstrings HS [ 41 , 69 , 80 ] or mixed BPTB and (HS) [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 49 , 61 , 62 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 96 ] grafts and included mostly some form of active sport-participants (Table 2 ). Cutting/CoD studies recruited exclusively females [ 10 , 82 , 109 ] or both males and females and their activity level was registered mainly as national level team-sport athletes (Table 3 ).…”

“…Cutting/CoD studies recruited exclusively females [ 10 , 82 , 109 ] or both males and females and their activity level was registered mainly as national level team-sport athletes (Table 3 ). Time since surgery ranged from as low as 4–8 months [ 34 , 39 , 46 , 72 , 86 , 96 , 101 ] to ≥ 60 [ 3 , 4 , 7 , 26 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 ].…”

Injuries in Aerobic Exercise: Causes and Preventions

“…Use ϴ i (i = 1,2, ... , 6) to represent the multi-information feature fusion value of the force behavior of the skeletal muscle in aerobics exercise. 12 Figure 1 shows the characteristic tension model of the skeletal muscle force of different patients' aerobics exercises through the school model construction.…”