The Effects of a Mixture of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components, as well as Cognitive Impairment: Genes, MicroRNAs, Transcription Factors, and Sponge Relationships

Nguyen, Hai Duc; Kim, Min-Sun

doi:10.1007/s12011-022-03343-y

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…44,[56][57][58] Heavy metals have also been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is a leading cause of kidney impairment. 3,6,8,10,18,22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 On the other hand, heavy metals are well-known as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, which are the key causes of CKD. 3,6,8,[10][11][12][17][18][19] However, the effects of heavy metals on CKD were inconsistent, as was the limitation of this evidence in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. For instance, a systematic analysis of four studies found that lead had adverse effects on CKD that were both negative and positive.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Increasing evidence indicates that heavy metals play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of CKD, as well as menopause status (eg, increased ovarian aging and earlier age at natural menopause) 15,16 . On the other hand, heavy metals are well-known as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, which are the key causes of CKD 3,6,8,10-12,17-19 . However, the effects of heavy metals on CKD were inconsistent, as was the limitation of this evidence in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metals, in particular, are naturally present in the Earth's crust. The ability of heavy metals to enter plant, animal, and human tissues through air inhalation, food, and water is well-established 6-8 . Thus, heavy metal exposure is inevitable, especially during urbanization, industrialization, and modernization, because the majority of them are long-lasting, nonbiodegradable chemicals with a tendency to bioaccumulate in living things 9-11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of heavy metals to enter plant, animal, and human tissues through air inhalation, food, and water is wellestablished. [6][7][8] Thus, heavy metal exposure is inevitable, especially during urbanization, industrialization, and modernization, because the majority of them are long-lasting, nonbiodegradable chemicals with a tendency to bioaccumulate in living things. [9][10][11] Cadmium, lead, and mercury not only have no biological function but are also hazardous to humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of mixed heavy metals on kidney function in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Nguyen

2023

Menopause

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Objective: To evaluate the relationships between heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury) and their mixtures and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Methods: Using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017), multivariate linear regression models, marginal effects, and weighted quantile sum regression, we assessed the associations between single heavy metals and their mixtures and eGFR among 5,372 women.Results: Risks of reduced eGFR, comorbidities, and heavy metal exposure were found to be higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. A negative association of cadmium (β = −2.97; 95% CI, −5.10 to −0.85) and a positive association of mercury (β = 2.97; 95% CI, 1.49 to 4.44), with eGFR in postmenopausal women. Inverse associations of lead with eGFR in both premenopausal women (β = −4.75; 95% CI, −6.04 to −3.46) and postmenopausal women (β = −4.54; 95% CI, −6.96 to −2.13). Interactions were identified between lead and mercury, as well as cadmium and lead for eGFR among premenopausal women (β = −2.04; 95% CI, −2.98 to −1.10) and postmenopausal women (β = −3.52; 95% CI, −6.04 to −1.01), respectively. There was a negative association between mixed heavy metals and eGFR in both premenopausal women (β = −2.23; 95% CI, −3.51 to −0.96) and postmenopausal women (β = −3.86; 95% CI, −6.89 to −0.83). Lead was found as a key chemical related to reduced eGFR. Cutoff values for each heavy metal concentration related to eGFR were provided.Conclusion: Postmenopausal women were more influenced by mixed heavy metals' effects on kidney function than premenopausal women. Early interventions (eg, water filtering, heavy metal yearly screening) in women, especially postmenopausal women, are needed to reduce the incidence of chronic kidney disease.

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“…44,[56][57][58] Heavy metals have also been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is a leading cause of kidney impairment. 3,6,8,10,18,22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%