The effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on antral follicle growth and sex steroid synthesis in mice

Meling, Daryl D.; Warner, Genoa R.; Szumski, Jason R.; Gao, Lei; Gonsioroski, Andressa; Rattan, Saniya; Flaws, Jodi A.

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114875

Cited by 49 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Additionally, DIP-group showed a significant decrease of BCL2 associated with a significant increase of AIFM1 and BCL2L10 if compared to C-group. This is consistent with a previous study, 20 which reported that the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors did change in the ovary after phthalate exposure, depending on the concentration used; those findings may explain the increased apoptotic activity we noticed in the colon after DIP ingestion and provides a clue for the anti-apoptotic potential of FO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Potential effect of fish oil to preserve expression of cell cycle and tight junction regulating genes in colon after di-isononyl phthalate ingestion in albino Wistar rats

2021

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Di-isononyl phthalate (DIP) is considered a high molecular-weight subtype of phthalates that are commonly used and could easily affect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the main active components of fish oil (FO), and their anti-inflammatory potential was previously documented. The current study was designed to investigate the protective potential of fish oil against the impacts of DIP exposure on the colon of albino Wistar rats. Sixty albino Wistar rats were divided into Control group received corn oil for ten days. Di-isononyl phthalate treated group received DIP. Di-isononyl phthalate + fish oil treated group received both DIP and FO. FO was found to preserve the histological architecture, tight junction and cell cycle of the colon. In conclusion, the current study provided an evidence that FO has a protective potential against DIP further examinations to be done to fully understand the molecular basis of this potential as a step for further clinical applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Potential effect of fish oil to preserve expression of cell cycle and tight junction regulating genes in colon after di-isononyl phthalate ingestion in albino Wistar rats

2021

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“…22,23 The MTT test is a colorimetric assay that is used to evaluate cellular metabolic activity, allowing the assessment of the effects of different doses of chemicals on cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. [24][25][26][27] In the 24-h MTT assay, the mixture decreased cell was more resistant to the effects of the mixture than the LNCaP cells, possibly due to its greater capacity for cell repair and defense, 28,29 resulting in fewer alterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MTT test is a colorimetric assay that is used to evaluate cellular metabolic activity, allowing the assessment of the effects of different doses of chemicals on cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity 24–27 . In the 24‐h MTT assay, the mixture decreased cell viability in both LNCaP and PNT‐2 from the 4000 μmol/L dose onwards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on both normal and tumoral human prostate cells

Cavalca

Aquino

Mosele

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Phthalates represent a group of substances used in industry that have antiandrogenic activity and are found in different concentrations in human urine and plasma. More than 8 million tons of phthalates are used each year, predominantly as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Phthalates are widely used in everyday consumer products and improperly discarded into the environment. Furthermore, in vivo studies carried out in our laboratory showed that a mixture of phthalates, equivalent to the mixture used in this study, deregulated the expression of genes and miRNAs associated with prostatic carcinogenic pathways. Thus, this study was designed to establish an in vitro model to assess pathways related to cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and biosynthesis of miRNAs, using both normal and tumoral prostatic epithelial cells exposed to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalate metabolites.Tumor (LNCaP) and normal (PNT-2) prostatic epithelial cell lines were exposed for 24 and 72 h to vehicle control or the phthalate mixture. The selected metabolite mixture (1000 μmol/L) consisted of 36.7% monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 19.4% mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), 15.3% monobutyl phthalate (MBP), 10.2% monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 10.2% monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP), and 8.2% monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP). Gene expression was performed by qRT-PCR and cell migratory potential was measured using cell migration assays. Our results showed that the mixture of phthalates increased cell turnover, oxidative stress, biosynthesis, and expression of miRNAs in LNCaP cells; thus, increasing their cellular expansive and migratory potential and modulating tumor behavior, making them possibly more aggressive.However, these effects were less pronounced in benign cells, demonstrating that, in the short term, benign cells are able to develop effective mechanisms or more resistance against the insult.

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“…Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that exposure to DBP alone 33 , a parent phthalate mixture of DEHP, DBP, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP), and DiNP 30 , and a phthalate metabolite mixture of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and monoisononyl phthalate (MiBP) 44 disrupt the expression of genes involved in apoptotic and cell cycle pathways in the ovary. Thus, we examined whether DiNP exposure alters the expression of mRNAs for various cell cycle regulators as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis in the colon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute exposure to di-isononyl phthalate alters the morphology, endocrine function, and immune system in the colon of adult female mice

Bashir

Nowak

Mei

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), a common plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride products, exhibits endocrine-disrupting capabilities. It is also toxic to the brain, reproductive system, liver, and kidney. However, little is known about how DiNP impacts the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It is crucial to understand how DiNP exposure affects the GIT because humans are primarily exposed to DiNP through the GIT. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that subacute exposure to DiNP dysregulates cellular, endocrine, and immunological aspects in the colon of adult female mice. To test this hypothesis, adult female mice were dosed with vehicle control or DiNP doses ranging from 0.02 to 200 mg/kg for 10–14 days. After the treatment period, mice were euthanized during diestrus, and colon tissue samples were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and hormone assays. DiNP exposure significantly increased histological damage in the colon compared to control. Exposure to DiNP also significantly decreased sICAM-1 levels, increased Tnf expression, decreased a cell cycle regulator (Ccnb1), and increased apoptotic factors (Aifm1 and Bcl2l10) in the colon compared to control. Colon-extracted lipids revealed that DiNP exposure significantly decreased estradiol levels compared to control. Collectively, these data indicate that subacute exposure to DiNP alters colon morphology and physiology in adult female mice.

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The effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on antral follicle growth and sex steroid synthesis in mice

Abstract: Phthalates are used as solvents and plasticizers in a wide variety of consumer products. Most people are exposed to phthalates as parent compounds through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

Potential effect of fish oil to preserve expression of cell cycle and tight junction regulating genes in colon after di-isononyl phthalate ingestion in albino Wistar rats

Potential effect of fish oil to preserve expression of cell cycle and tight junction regulating genes in colon after di-isononyl phthalate ingestion in albino Wistar rats

Effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on both normal and tumoral human prostate cells

Subacute exposure to di-isononyl phthalate alters the morphology, endocrine function, and immune system in the colon of adult female mice

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