The Effects of Acidic Fluoride Solutions on Early Enamel Erosion in vivo

Hjortsjö, Carl; Jonski, Grazyna; Thrane, P. S.; Saxegaard, Erik; Young, Allan

doi:10.1159/000209345

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thus, it is considered ideal when testing the potential for fluorides to prevent enamel erosion. 21 In the mouth, the period for which the pH remains low is usually no longer than 2 min; 22 therefore, the time for exposure to acids should be minimal for initial erosion processes in in vitro models. The CO 2 laser irradiation and fluorides agents were applied only once to simulate the standard clinical procedure with a single professional application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

et al. 2014

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This in vitro study aimed to investigate the potential of CO 2 lasers associated with different fluoride agents in inhibiting enamel erosion. Human enamel samples were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 12): G1-eroded enamel; G2-APF gel; G3-AmF/NaF gel; G4-AmF/SnF 2 solution; G5-CO 2 laser (λ = 10.6 µm)+APF gel; G6-CO 2 laser+AmF/NaF gel; G7-CO 2 laser+AmF/SnF 2 solution; G8-CO 2 laser; and G9-sound enamel. The CO 2 laser parameters were: 0.45 J/cm 2 ; 6 μs; and 128 Hz. After surface treatment, the samples (except from G9) were immersed in 1% citric acid (pH 4.0, 3 min). Surface microhardness was measured at baseline and after surface softening. The data were statistically analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). G2 (407.6 ± 37.3) presented the highest mean SMH after softening, followed by G3 (407.5 ± 29.8) and G5 (399.7 ± 32.9). Within the fluoride-treated groups, G4 (309.0 ± 24.4) had a significantly lower mean SMH than G3 and G2, which were statistically similar to each other. AmF/NaF and APF application showed potential to protect and control erosion progression in dental enamel, and CO 2 laser irradiation at 0.45J/cm 2 did not influence its efficacy. CO 2 laser irradiation alone under the same conditions could also significantly decrease enamel erosive mineral loss, although at lower levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

et al. 2014

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“…The authors also reported no significant differences between the protective effect of TiF 4 and SnF 2 solutions. Contradictory results were obtained when NaF (pH 7.3), SnF 2 (pH 2.9) and TiF 4 (pH 1.5) solutions [Hjortsjo et al, 2009] of similar fluoride concentrations ( ≈ 0.1 mol/l) were tested. In this in vivo study, front teeth of patients were isolated, eroded with citric acid (5 ml; 0.1 mol/l; pH 2.7, which was allowed to drip over the tooth surface at a rate of 6 ml/min), and then they were exposed to the test solution for 1 min.…”

Section: Products Containing Titanium Ionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The erosive challenge was later repeated and the amount of calcium was measured in the acid after each erosive challenge. The authors observed that the treatment with SnF 2 solution significantly reduced subsequent calcium dissolution from enamel, but neither NaF nor TiF 4 solutions were able to reduce calcium release [Hjortsjo et al, 2009].…”

Section: Products Containing Titanium Ionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the authors clearly observed the formation of a layer on the enamel surface after the use of TiF 4 solution, they concluded that the solution was not able to prevent erosion. Some in situ [Hove et al, 2008;Stenhagen et al, 2013] and in vivo [Hjortsjo et al, 2009] studies have compared both TiF 4 and tin-containing products. Hove et al [2008] tested different fluoride solutions (1.5% TiF 4 ; 3.9% SnF 2 ; 2.1% NaF; all solutions contained 0.5 mol/l F) in an in situ erosion-only model and found that the TiF 4 and the SnF 2 both formed a protective surface layer on enamel, and both showed significant protection against erosion in comparison to the NaF solution and to placebo (no fluoride treatment); however, the authors did not observe any significant differences between TiF 4 and SnF 2 .…”

Section: Products Containing Titanium Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Future of Fluorides and Other Protective Agents in Erosion Prevention

Lussi

Carvalho²

2015

Caries Res

141

136

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The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention has been convincingly proven. In recent years, researchers have investigated the preventive effects of different fluoride formulations on erosive tooth wear with positive results, but their action on caries and erosion prevention must be based on different requirements, because there is no sheltered area in the erosive process as there is in the subsurface carious lesions. Thus, any protective mechanism from fluoride concerning erosion is limited to the surface or the near surface layer of enamel. However, reports on other protective agents show superior preventive results. The mechanism of action of tin-containing products is related to tin deposition onto the tooth surface, as well as the incorporation of tin into the near-surface layer of enamel. These tin-rich deposits are less susceptible to dissolution and may result in enhanced protection of the underlying tooth. Titanium tetrafluoride forms a protective layer on the tooth surface. It is believed that this layer is made up of hydrated hydrogen titanium phosphate. Products containing phosphates and/or proteins may adsorb either to the pellicle, rendering it more protective against demineralization, or directly to the dental hard tissue, probably competing with H+ at specific sites on the tooth surface. Other substances may further enhance precipitation of calcium phosphates on the enamel surface, protecting it from additional acid impacts. Hence, the future of fluoride alone in erosion prevention looks grim, but the combination of fluoride with protective agents, such as polyvalent metal ions and some polymers, has much brighter prospects.

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“…In more recent experimental in vivo studies, SnF 2 and dilute HF solutions have shown promising results in reducing enamel dissolution following erosive challenge. Five minutes after a single 1-min treatment of the enamel, HF and SnF 2 solutions containing 0.03-0.1 mol/l fluoride successfully reduced enamel dissolution by 40-76% following a single citric acid challenge [Hjortsjö et al, 2009]. However, the duration of this erosion-preventive effect has not yet been tested.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stannous Fluoride and Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid on Early Enamel Erosion over Time in vivo

Hjortsjö

Jonski²,

Thrane³

et al. 2009

Caries Res

Self Cite

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Recent experimental in vivo studies have shown that aqueous solutions of stannous fluoride (SnF₂) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) can reduce enamel solubility after 5 min. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longer-term protective effect of SnF₂ (0.78%, pH 2.9) and HF (0.2%, pH 2.0) (both ∼0.1 mol/l F) using the same experimental model. Labial surfaces of healthy anterior teeth (all four surfaces when possible, otherwise a pair of surfaces) in 103 subjects (n = 399 teeth) were exposed to citric acid (0.01 mol/l, pH 2.7). The acid was applied using a peristaltic pump (5 ml, 6 ml/min) and was collected in coded test tubes (etch I). The test solutions were then applied to the same surfaces of the teeth (1 min, 6 ml/min). After either 1, 7, 14 or 28 days, citric acid was again applied to the same surfaces and subsequently collected (etch II). Enamel solubility was examined by assessment of calcium concentration in etch I and etch II solutions using atom absorption spectroscopy. Median values were calculated for all time periods and statistical analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Results showed that HF reduced enamel solubility by 54 and 36% after 1 and 7 days, respectively. After 14 and 28 days, there was no longer any effect. SnF₂ showed no protective effect after the first day. Given these results, repeated application of HF and especially SnF₂ may be necessary to improve the protective effect of these fluorides, and this requires further testing.

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The Effects of Acidic Fluoride Solutions on Early Enamel Erosion in vivo

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

The Future of Fluorides and Other Protective Agents in Erosion Prevention

Effect of Stannous Fluoride and Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid on Early Enamel Erosion over Time in vivo

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