The effects of acute carbon dioxide on behavior and physiology in <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>

Bierbower, Sonya M.; Cooper, Robin L.

doi:10.1002/jez.620

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…It is well known that CO 2 has an effect on electrical communication by uncoupling gap junctions (Arellano et al, 1990). It was recently shown that the nerve cord and communication within the sensory-CNS-motor-muscle circuit, as described in this report, is also sensitive to CO 2 exposure, indicating the presence of gap junctions (Bierbower, 2010;Bierbower and Cooper, 2010) The spontaneous activity of the 3 rd motor root has been a topic since the 1960's when Eckert (1961) examined if the tonic firing static muscle receptor organ (MRO) within the same or neighboring segment could account for the spontaneous motor drive. In these earlier studies it became apparent that the activity was driven within the ventral nerve cord (VNC) possibly from higher centers (Eckert, 1961 .…”

Section: Measuring Synaptic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…One can try heptanol or CO 2 bubbled saline since it will uncouple the crayfish septate (or gap) junctions within the circuit as Dr. Sonya M. Bierbower (University of Kentucky) has shown in her dissertation research. This action may account for altered whole animal behavior when exposed to high CO 2 in the environment (Bierbower and Cooper, 2010). When you stimulate the cuticle with a brush and drive sensory input and record a response in the motor neurons, note if there is a difference in the activity before and during heptanol or CO 2 exposure.…”

Section: ) Dissectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Baierlein

Thurow

Atwood

et al. 2011

JoVE

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The purpose of this report is to help develop an understanding of the effects caused by ion gradients across a biological membrane. Two aspects that influence a cell's membrane potential and which we address in these experiments are: (1) Ion concentration of K + on the outside of the membrane, and (2) the permeability of the membrane to specific ions. The crayfish abdominal extensor muscles are in groupings with some being tonic (slow) and others phasic (fast) in their biochemical and physiological phenotypes, as well as in their structure; the motor neurons that innervate these muscles are correspondingly different in functional characteristics. We use these muscles as well as the superficial, tonic abdominal flexor muscle to demonstrate properties in synaptic transmission. In addition, we introduce a sensory-CNS-motor neuron-muscle circuit to demonstrate the effect of cuticular sensory stimulation as well as the influence of neuromodulators on certain aspects of the circuit. With the techniques obtained in this exercise, one can begin to answer many questions remaining in other experimental preparations as well as in physiological applications related to medicine and health. We have demonstrated the usefulness of model invertebrate preparations to address fundamental questions pertinent to all animals.

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Section: Measuring Synaptic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: ) Dissectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Baierlein

Thurow

Atwood

et al. 2011

JoVE

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show abstract

“…Some of the mechanisms, at a neuronal circuit level, which could account for the decreased behavioral responses induced by high levels of environmental CO 2 (as presented in Bierbower and Cooper, 2010) are presented in this study. Since rising CO 2 also resulted in a reduction of pH o , this variable needed to be addressed throughout these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Furthermore, the heart and ventilation rates also showed complete cessation with high acute exposure within the same time period that the unresponsiveness to mechanosensory stimulation occurred. We suggested the CO 2 rises within the animal and has a direct action on the neuromuscular junction as well as on CNS, which accounts for the behavioral and physiological changes (Bierbower and Cooper, 2010). The crayfish nervous system presents several features which feasibly enable the study of a multitude of questions.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication

Bierbower

Cooper

2013

J. Exp. Zool.

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Previous studies examining behavioral responses to CO(2) revealed that high [CO(2)] acts as a natural repellent in a concentration dependent manner for crayfish. Physiologically, CO(2) can rapidly block the autonomic responses in heart rate, as well as, inhibit an escape tail flip reflex in crayfish. Here, we demonstrate that the behavioral observations can be mechanistically explained by CO(2) blocking glutamate receptors at the neuromuscular junction and through inhibition of recruiting motor neurons within the CNS. The effects are not mimicked with a lower pH in the bathing solution. Since spontaneous and sensory-evoked activities in the sensory root and motor neurons are reduced by CO(2), this is an anesthetic effect. We propose this is due to blockage of electrical synapses, as well as, some of the central glutamatergic-drive. We used agonists and antagonists (glutamate, nicotine, domoic acid, cadmium, heptanol) to various synaptic inputs, which are possibly present in the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Results from these chemicals supported the idea that there is electrical as well as chemical drive within the circuit that can modulate intrinsic as well as sensory evoked activity in the motor neurons. We have documented that CO(2) has actions in the periphery as well as in the CNS, to account for the behavioral responses previously shown. Furthermore, we document that gap junctions as well as glutamatergic synapses are potential targets. This study also aids in the dissection of a neural circuitry within the VNC that drives spontaneous and sensory evoked activity of the superficial flexor motor neurons.

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“…Our experimental design is well suited for theoretical modeling, and we anticipate that more accurate mathematical models of agonistic interactions can be placed into the context of trade-offs with relevant abiotic constraints for subsequent empirical testing. To help understand the driving forces that influence the competitive context of crayfish in the wild, future research may consider whether other naturally varying environmental parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide (see Bierbower and Cooper, 2010) or water flow, are also resources over which crayfish will compete.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal games in crayfish depend on establishment of social hierarchies

Tattersall

Luebbert

LePine

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYAn unequal resource distribution is commonly seen in dominance hierarchies, in which the individual with the higher status is more successful in obtaining the resource. One possible resource is preferred temperature. When situations allow, ectotherms regulate their body temperature by behaviourally selecting different environmental conditions, achieving, when possible, a preferred temperature. Using a shuttlebox, the preferred temperature for Procambarus clarkii was determined to be 23.9°C with upper and lower voluntary escape temperatures of 25.9 and 21.8°C, respectively. If this preferred temperature zone (21.8-25.9°C) was valued as a resource, given the choice between a preferred temperature and a non-preferred temperature, crayfish should compete over the preferred temperature, with the dominant individual of dyadic pairs achieving the preferred temperature more often than the subordinate. Using a dual-choice experimental tank, competition over a binary temperature choice between rankestablished paired crayfish was determined under both warm and cold challenge conditions (warm vs preferred temperature and cold vs preferred temperature, respectively). In naive pairings, similar levels of competition over the preferred temperature occurred in both warm and cold challenge trials, as predicted by game theory. In established pairings, however, dominant crayfish gained significantly greater access to preferred temperature in both warm and cold challenge conditions. These results demonstrate that crayfish engage in a cost-benefit assessment during their initial agonistic contests over temperature, but as hierarchies mature, these thermal games are decided by the dominant animal gaining primary access to the temperature resource.

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The effects of acute carbon dioxide on behavior and physiology in Procambarus clarkii

Cited by 29 publications

References 82 publications

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication

Thermal games in crayfish depend on establishment of social hierarchies

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