The Effects of Acute Hypoxia on the Systemic Venous and Arterial Systems and on Myocardial Contractile Force

Kahler, Richard L.; Goldblatt, Allan; Braunwald, Eugene

doi:10.1172/jci104612

Cited by 82 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This finding, i.e. a positive inotropic effect induced by carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with nicotine or cyanide, is consistent with the study of Kahler et al (8), where the entire carotid circuit was perfused with hypoxic blood.…”

Section: * Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In direct contrast other studies have indicated a positive inotropic action for the carotid chemoreceptor reflex (8,9). Finally, Ehrhart et al (10) found a slight increase in left ventricular (LV)l dPldt and slight decrease in LV contractile force, whereas Stern and Rapaport (11) indicated that the aortic chemoreceptor reflex induced positive inotropic effects but the carotid chemoreceptor reflex induced no inotropic effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Finally, Ehrhart et al (10) found a slight increase in left ventricular (LV)l dPldt and slight decrease in LV contractile force, whereas Stern and Rapaport (11) indicated that the aortic chemoreceptor reflex induced positive inotropic effects but the carotid chemoreceptor reflex induced no inotropic effect. It must be pointed out that all of these studies (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) have been performed in anesthetized animal preparations, where the unknown mitigating effects of the anesthetic and general surgery play an undetermined role in the interpretation of these data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of the Myocardial Contractile State by Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor and Pulmonary Inflation Reflexes in Conscious Dogs

Vatner¹,

Rutherford²

1978

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with intracarotid injections of either nicotine, 0.2 ug/kg, or cyanide, 2 ,ug/kg, were compared with the effects ofbilateral carotid occlusion on left ventricular (LV) pressure, dPldt, and diameter in conscious dogs instrumented with ultrasonic diameter gauges and miniature pressure gauges. With heart rate maintained constant, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation increased mean arterial pressure by 27+3%, LV end diastolic diameter by 4±0.9% and LV dP/dt by 21+2%. With ventilation controlled during succinylcholine infusion, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation increased mean arterial pressure by 43+2% and dP/dt by 37+5%, values significantly greater, P < 0.01, than were observed in dogs with spontaneous ventilation. Similarly, in dogs with spontaneous ventilation after vagotomy, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation also increased dPldt by a greater amount, i.e., by 48±9%. The increases in LV end diastolic diameter were not affected significantly by either cholinergic blockade with atropine or beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Although cholinergic blockade did not affect the inotropic or pressor responses significantly, beta adrenergic blockade attenuated the pressor response and essentially abolished the inotropic response. Bilateral carotid occlusion increased mean arterial pressure and LV end diastolic diameter by similar amounts to those observed with chemoreceptor stimulation, but increased dP/dt significantly less, P < 0.02, i.e., by 13±2%. As was

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Section: * Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of the Myocardial Contractile State by Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor and Pulmonary Inflation Reflexes in Conscious Dogs

Vatner¹,

Rutherford²

1978

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The variable results could be explained by the variations in arterial blood pressure which would have affected the inotropic state of the heart even when the activity in cardiac sympathetic nerves remained unchanged (Furnival et al 1970). An increase in arterial blood pressure during chemoreceptor stimulation could also explain the positive inotropic responses reported by Kahler et al (1962). Other reports can be criticized because the area stimulated was not well localized.…”

Section: Effect Of Crushing the Carotid Bodies On The Inotropic Respomentioning

confidence: 98%

Left ventricular inotropic responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors in anaesthetized dogs.

Hainsworth¹,

Karim²,

Sofola³

1979

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Dogs were anaesthetized with chloralose and artificially ventilated. The regions of both carotid bifurcations were vascularly isolated and perfused at constant pressure with arterial blood or with venous or hypoxic blood.2. Inotropic responses were assessed by measuring the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) with aortic pressure and heart rate held constant. 3. Stimulation of the chemoreceptors with venous blood from the inferior vena cava resulted in a decrease in dP/dtmax from 510 + 27 kPa. s-1 to 418 + 21 kPa.a-' (mean + s..): a change of 17.9 + 1-0% 4. In experiments in which the oxygen tension of the blood perfusing the carotid chemoreceptors was decreased in steps between 10 and 3 kPa, by use ofan oxygenator, graded responses of dP/dtmlx were obtained at each step.5. The inotropic responses to chemoreceptor stimulation were abolished by raising carotid pressure.6. The inotropic responses were abolished either by crushing both carotid bodies or both ansae subclaviae, indicating that the reflex originates from the carotid bodies and that the efferent pathway is in the cardiac sympathetic nerves.

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“…These adjustments, and their control, have been studied most extensively in mammals. The generally agreed response to hypoxia in the dog is one of an increase in respiratory minute volume, heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output (Gorlin & Lewis, 1954;Heymans & Neil, 1958;Kahler, Goldblatt & Braunwald, 1962;Downing, Remensnyder & Mitchell, 1962;Daly & Scott, 1964;Kontos, Mauck, Richardson & Patterson, 1965). This is certainly the case in the spontaneously breathing dog, but Daly & Scott (1958, 1963 have found that if ventilation is artificially maintained at a constant level, there is a fall in heart rate and cardiac output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of progressive hypoxia on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of the chicken

Butler¹

1967

The Journal of Physiology

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The Effects of Acute Hypoxia on the Systemic Venous and Arterial Systems and on Myocardial Contractile Force

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Control of the Myocardial Contractile State by Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor and Pulmonary Inflation Reflexes in Conscious Dogs

Control of the Myocardial Contractile State by Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor and Pulmonary Inflation Reflexes in Conscious Dogs

Left ventricular inotropic responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors in anaesthetized dogs.

The effect of progressive hypoxia on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of the chicken

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