The effects of adding various ratios of zirconium oxide nanoparticles to poly(methyl methacrylate) on physical and mechanical properties

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of the present study is to evaluate the transverse strength, modulus of elasticity, surface roughness, hardness, and water sorption/solubility of nanoparticle zirconium oxide (nano-ZrO 2 ) added to heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) after thermocycling. The specimens were divided into four groups according to the ratio of nano-ZrO 2 addition to heat-cured PMMA; group 1: 5% nano-ZrO 2 ; group 2: 10% nano-ZrO 2 ; group 3: 20% nano-ZrO 2 , and group 4 (control): PMMA without nano-ZrO 2 . A statistically significant decrease in transverse strength was observed by all additional rates of nanoZrO 2 compared with group 4 (control; P < 0.025). When hardness results were evaluated, groups 1 and 2 showed statistically higher values compared with groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.025). The surface roughness of group 3 was statistically higher than the other groups (P < 0.025), but it was within the clinically acceptable limits. As the nano-ZrO 2 addition rate increased, water sorption/solubility values of the specimens also increased. Although nano-ZrO 2 addition had an adverse effect on some mechanical and physical properties of heat-cured PMMA, it increased hardness values, implying that the addition of nano-ZrO 2 would contribute positively to some mechanical properties of PMMA denture base material when nano-ZrO 2 was homogeneously distributed in PMMA.

Effect of Antibacterial Silver-Releasing Filler on the Physicochemical Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Denture Base Material

“…This problem may lead to decreased chemical interaction between the particles and the polymeric matrix [84]. The inhomogeneities in materials act as structural defects causing stress concentrations and strength reduction [85,86]. This corresponds well with the results of SEM observations (Figures 4 and 6) which showed the changes of morphologies of fractured samples and more brittle behavior of the composites.…”

“…Convergent results for PMMA denture base materials were obtained in other works for commercial and experimental materials [110][111][112][113]. Furthermore, Ergun et al [85] reported a two-fold increase in sorption and more than three-fold increase in solubility with increasing concentration of zirconium oxide nanoparticles introduced to PMMA denture base resin. The penetration of water or aqueous solutions into the material also has an impact on its properties, because acrylates can undergo slow degradation due to the fact of hydrolysis as well as enzymatic reactions [78] which affects cytotoxicity and tribological and mechanical properties [114,115].…”

Long-Term Sorption and Solubility of Zirconia-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite in Water and Artificial Saliva

“…Ergun et al investigated the effect of reinforcing conventional heat-cured PMMA with concentration of (5 wt.%, 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%) zirconia nanoparticles on water sorption and solubility after 28 days [31]. The findings showed that an increase in ZrO 2 concentration increased water sorption.…”

A Comparative Evaluation of the Impact and Flexural Strengths of High Impact Acrylic Resin Reinforced With Silaned Zirconium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Its Hybrid Combination - An Invitro Study

“…6 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is a metal oxide that possesses several advantages such as good mechanical strength, fracture toughness, hardness, wear and chemical resistance and good thermal stability, thus making it beneficial for use in dental materials for reinforcement of denture base resins. 20 Several studies that incorporated zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles showed improvement in the mechanical properties of PMMA. 3,4,11,12,20-22. Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys are the materials preferred in the production of implants for medical and dental applications due to their low toxicity, ease of availability, low cost, chemical stability, resistance to corrosion, good strength, high refractive index and biocompatibility.…”