The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Internalizing Versus Externalizing Outcomes

Muniz, Caitlyn N.; Fox, Bryanna; Miley, Lauren N.; DeLisi, Matt; Cigarran, Gerald P.; Birnbaum, Aliya

doi:10.1177/0093854819826213

Cited by 113 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The abuse impacted on several aspects of their lives, such as their relationships with others, their self-respect, and their ability to cope with everyday life. Research has shown CSA to be predictive of internalizing outcomes ( Muniz et al, 2019 ), and many of the consequences described in the interviews match those that several decades of research on offline CSA have reported, namely general depressive symptoms, re-victimization, sexual problems, anxiety, poor self-esteem, and interpersonal problems ( Paolucci et al, 2001 ; Maniglio, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“All of Me Is Completely Different”: Experiences and Consequences Among Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse

et al. 2020

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The aim of the present study was to gain a first-person perspective on the experiences of technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA), and a deeper understanding of the way it may affect its victims. Seven young women (aged 17–24) with experience of TA-CSA before the age of 18 participated in individual in-depth interviews. The interviews were teller-focused with the aim of capturing the interviewee’s own story about how they made sense of their experiences over time, and what impact the victimization had on them in the short and long terms. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed a broad range of abusive experiences that had profoundly impacted the individuals’ lives, health and self-concepts. Three dominant themes emerged from the analysis – From thrilling to abusive, Negative effect on health and wellbeing, and A new self after the abuse. From thrilling to abusive captures the wide range of experiences described, starting from the child’s own sexual curiosity to descriptions of having been manipulated or threatened into engaging in sexual activity, as well as the sometimes long and complex process of understanding the severity of one’s experiences. Negative effect on health and wellbeing describes the victimization’s comprehensive impact on the life and health of the participants, how they blamed themselves for what had happened, and the struggle of having to live with the constant fear of pictures from the abuse resurfacing. A new self after the abuse depicts how the victimization impacted the way participants viewed and thought about themselves in relation to others, and distorted their views of their bodies. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research on both offline CSA and TA-CSA, as well as theoretical and practical implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“All of Me Is Completely Different”: Experiences and Consequences Among Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse

et al. 2020

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“…Although direct evidence linking ACEs to deficits in self-control (as conceptualized by Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) is absent from the literature, a small body of research reports that ACEs are associated with variation in concepts tangentially related to self-control. This includes externalizing behaviors (Hunt, Slack, & Berger, 2017; Muniz et al, 2019), impulsivity (Perez et al, 2018), a lack of future orientation (Craig, 2019), negative emotionality (Wolff & Baglivio, 2017), and poor delay of gratification (Evans, Fuller-Rowell, & Doan, 2012). Hunt and colleagues (2017), for example, found that children with two ACEs were 3.4 times more likely to display externalizing behaviors that called for professional attention, relative to children with zero ACEs.…”

Section: Aces and Associated Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Deficits in Self-Control? A Test Among Two Independent Samples of Youth

Meldrum

Young

Soor

et al. 2019

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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A large body of research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavior outcomes, including delinquent and criminal behavior. To date, relatively little research considers whether experiencing a greater variety of ACEs is associated with lower self-control. We advance this area of research by first articulating potential mechanisms through which ACEs may impact self-control. We then investigate whether experiencing more ACEs is inversely associated with self-control in separate samples of youth from Michigan and Florida. For both samples, results indicate that experiencing a greater variety of ACEs is negatively associated with self-control. Exploratory analyses also indicate that ACEs reflecting interpersonal maltreatment are more strongly associated with deficits in self-control than ACEs pertaining to aspects of household dysfunction.

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“…Cicchetti and Toth, 2005; Corso et al, 2008; Draper et al, 2008; Fergusson et al, 2008; Gould et al, 2012; Shin et al, 2013). These include mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders, suicidal symptomatology, psychosis and personality disorder (Bendall et al, 2008; Muniz et al, 2019; Norman et al, 2012; Teicher and Samson, 2013) and a worse-than-usual response to standard treatment approaches to ameliorate them (Nanni et al, 2012; Teicher and Samson, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment and its mental health consequences among Indian adolescents with a history of child work

Pandey

Gupta

Upadhyay

et al. 2020

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Objectives: Although the prevalence and mental health consequences of childhood maltreatment among adolescents have been studied widely, there are few data addressing these issues in Asian lower middle–income countries. Here, we assessed the prevalence and types of childhood maltreatment and, for the first time, examined their association with current mental health problems in Indian adolescents with a history of child work. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two adolescents (12–18 years; 114 males, 18 females) with a history of child work were interviewed using the Child Maltreatment, Conventional Crime, and Witnessing and Indirect Victimisation modules of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Potential psychiatric diagnoses and current emotional and behavioural problems were assessed using the culturally adapted Hindi versions of the Youth’s Inventory–4R and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Results: A large proportion of the sample reported childhood abuse or neglect (83.36%), direct or indirect victimisation (100%) and experienced symptoms of one or more psychiatric disorders (83.33%). Of the most common maltreatment types, physical abuse was present for 72.73% (extra-familial 56.25%, intra-familial 42.71%), emotional abuse for 47.7% (extra-familial 74.6%, intra-familial 12.9%), general neglect for 17.4% and unsafe home for 45.5% of the adolescents. All these maltreatment types were associated with poor mental health, with emotional abuse showing the strongest and wide-ranging impact. Conclusions: Indian adolescents with a history of child work are at an extremely high risk of extra-familial physical and emotional abuse as well as victimisation. They also experience a range of psychiatric symptoms, especially if they suffered emotional abuse. There is an urgent need for routine mental health screening and to consider emotional abuse in all current and future top-down and bottom-up approaches to address childhood maltreatment, as well as in potential interventions to ameliorate its adverse effects on mental health and well-being, of child and adolescent workers.

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The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Internalizing Versus Externalizing Outcomes

Cited by 113 publications

References 104 publications

“All of Me Is Completely Different”: Experiences and Consequences Among Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse

“All of Me Is Completely Different”: Experiences and Consequences Among Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse

Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Deficits in Self-Control? A Test Among Two Independent Samples of Youth

Childhood maltreatment and its mental health consequences among Indian adolescents with a history of child work

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