The Effects of Age and Fluoride Exposure on Fluoride, Citrate and Carbonate Content of Human Cementum

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the values of several chemical components of dental cementum. Extracted teeth from continuous residents of low, optimal, and high natural fluoride areas were selected to determine the effects of fluoride exposure and age on the fluoride, citrate and carbonate content of cervical and apical areas of sound and periodontally diseased human cementum. 1. For normal cementum the mean fluoride content of all 18 groups was 0.443 plus or minus 0.04%on an ash basis and 0.253 plus or minus 0.02% on a dry weight basis; the mean citrate content was 1.52 plus or minus 0.10% on an ash basis and 0.86 plus or minus 0.06% on a dry weight basis; the mean carbonate content was 4.95 plus or minus 0.39% on an ash basis and 2.79 plus or minus 0.22% on a dry weight basis. 2. For diseased cementum the mean fluoride content of all 12 groups was 0.575 plus or minus 0.03% on an ash basis and 0.342 plus or minus 0.02% on a dry weight basis; the mean citrate content was 1.19 plus or minus 0.07% on an ash basis and 0.71 plus or minus 0.05% on a dry weight basis; the mean carbonate content was 5.95 plus or minus 0.47% on an ash basis and 3.50 plus or minus 0.28% on a dry weight basis. 3. There is a general increment in fluoride content of normal cervical and apical cementum, both with age and fluoride exposure. For diseased cementum this held true for fluoride exposure but not age. 4. The mean fluoride content of cervical cementum is greater than that of apical cementum for both normal and diseased groups. For citrate and carbonate no definite statistical differences were noted between cervical and apical areas. 5. The diseased cementum has a significantly higher mean fluoride content, a significantly lower citrate content, and a slightly, but not statistically significant, higher carbonate content than normal cementum. 6. Unlike bone, no inverse fluoride/citrate or fluoride/carbonate relationship was observed. 7. For both normal and diseased groups the carbonate content of cementum of individuals over age 40 tended to be lower than for individuals 20-40 years of age.

Correlated Electron Probe Microanalysis and Microradiography of Carious and Normal Dental Cementum

“…in some instances using pooled samples, the F concentrations reported presently cannot immediately be compared with the earlier data [Yoon et al, 1960a. b: Singer andArmstrong, 1962;Yardeni et al, 1963;Gedalia et al, 1965;Stepnick et al, 1975]. It can be stated, however, that the concentrations observed generally were within the range reported in the cementum of individuals living in low fluoride areas, with the exception that higher values, up to 0.6°/o by weight, were found close to the ce mentum surface.…”

“…Concentrations up to 0.9% of the ash weight have been reported, while some authors have found considerably lower values [Yoon et al, 1960a;Singer and Armstrong, 1962;Yardeni et al, 1963;Gedalia et al, 1965;Stepnick et al, 1975], There is a gen eral increment in fluoride content of normal cervical and apical cementum, both with age and fluoride exposure, and the mean fluoride content of cervical cementum is greater than that of apical cementum [Brudevold et al, 1960;Stepnick et al, 1975]. The ash content of cementum is 48-65% of the dry weight [Nakata et al, 1972].…”

Root resorption and its association with alterations in physical properties, mineral contents and resorption craters in human premolars following application of light and heavy controlled orthodontic forces

“…Mean P concentrations have been found to vary from 11.6 to 13.49% dry wt (68–71) or 16.6–20.0% ash (72). F concentrations in cementum are dependent on the level of systemic and local F exposure and show an increase with age (72–76), stronger F concentrations in the drinking water, and greater duration of exposure to the oral environment (72, 73, 77). In an optimally fluoridated area (0.8–1.3 ppm), concentrations at the cervical, middle and apical third of human cementum have been reported to range from 0.2 to 0.9% wt (72, 73, 77), 0.25–0.79% wt (73), and 0.15–0.8% wt (72, 73, 77), respectively.…”

Effect of fluoride on root resorption following heavy and light orthodontic force application for 4 weeks and 12 weeks of retention

“…6 In several studies, it has been shown that the concentration of fluoride in cementum is highest among the calcified tissues, [8][9][10] and the amount of accumulated fluoride in cementum increases by age. 11,12 It has been shown that fluoride stimulates the formation of new bone, primarily via an increase in osteoblast number in vitro 13 and in vivo. 14 It is also believed that sodium fluoride directly inhibits osteoclastic activity by preventing calcium ion release and directly suppresses osteoclast acidity.…”