The effects of age, positive affect induction, and instructions on children's delay of gratification

Yates, Gregory C. R.; Lippett, Rachael; Yates, Shirley Mary

doi:10.1016/0022-0965(81)90101-6

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This strongly supports previous findings: With increasing age, children are better able to delay gratification by distracting themselves from rewards (H. N. Mischel & Mischel, 1983;Yates, 1987;Yates, Lippett, & Yates, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Household Study of Self-Regulation in Children

Drobetz

Maercker

Spieß

et al. 2012

Swiss Journal of Psychology

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. , and Simon Additionally, cognitive abilities and personality traits of mothers and children were assessed. Terms of use: Documents inThe main result was that children's age and breastfeeding were significant predictors of DoG in children, even when we controlled for other influences such as maternal cognitive abilities and personality traits. We explain the result in the context of previous findings concerning attachment security, bonding, maternal sensitivity, children's self-regulation of energy intake, neuroscientific evidence, and breastfeeding. Further studies should use equivalent measures of DoG in children and parents and further explore this link between breastfeeding and DoG in a genetically sensitive design.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Household Study of Self-Regulation in Children

Drobetz

Maercker

Spieß

et al. 2012

Swiss Journal of Psychology

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“…Preschoolers left alone with the first marshmallow to wait for the second developed elaborate self-distraction techniques, such as talking or singing to themselves or inventing games with their hands and feet. Active motor behavior has been related to longer waiting times in 5-and 6-year-olds (Yates, Lippett, & Yates, 1981), and cognitive distraction has proven to be even more effective. Preschoolers instructed to think "fun things" achieved longer delay times than their peers who had toys to play with for behavioral distraction (Mischel, Ebbesen, & Raskopf Zeiss, 1972).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children's behavior during the delay period was analyzed using Interact â software (Mangold International, Arnstorf, Germany). Observational codes were developed based on previous studies (e.g., Mischel & Ebbesen, 1970;Rodriguez et al, 1989;Yates et al, 1981). The codes and their definitions are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waiting for the Second Treat: Developing Culture‐Specific Modes of Self‐Regulation

et al. 2017

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The development of self-regulation has been studied primarily in Western middle-class contexts and has, therefore, neglected what is known about culturally varying self-concepts and socialization strategies. The research reported here compared the self-regulatory competencies of German middle-class (N = 125) and rural Cameroonian Nso preschoolers (N = 76) using the Marshmallow test (Mischel, 2014). Study 1 revealed that 4-year-old Nso children showed better delay-of-gratification performance than their German peers. Study 2 revealed that culture-specific maternal socialization goals and interaction behaviors were related to delay-of-gratification performance. Nso mothers' focus on hierarchical relational socialization goals and responsive control seems to support children's delay-of-gratification performance more than German middle-class mothers' emphasis on psychological autonomous socialization goals and sensitive, child-centered parenting.

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“…The cognitive and attentional processes affecting the maintenance of voluntary delay behavior in young children also have been extensively investigated [e.g., Mischel, 1974Mischel, , 1981Miller and Karniol, 1976a, b;Toner, 1981;Toner and Smith, 1977;Yates et al, 1981 ]. We know that delay is easier when the rewards are not in view: Preschool children were found to endure self-imposed delay of gratification ten times longer when the re wards for which they waited were obscured rather than exposed during the delay period [Mischel and Ebbesen, 1970].…”

Section: Delay Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Intentional Action as a Paradigm for Developmental Psychology: A Symposium

Chapman¹

1984

Human Development

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This symposium is devoted to the question of whether and to what extent action may constitute a useful paradigm for developmental psychology, where ‘action’ is understood as voluntary behavior employed by the agent as a means of attaining certain ends. In the first contribution, Brandtstädter enlarges upon this definition, summarizes the multiple roots of action theory in psychology, and discusses some ways that an action orientation might contribute to psychological thinking with regard to aging and development. Meacham continues the discussion, emphasizing the social and interpersonal aspects of action, especially as described in Soviet psychology. An example of empirical action research is presented by Mischel, with the finding that children’s knowledge of effective delay strategies was related to their actual ability to delay gratification. Another application of the action perspective is provided by Skinner and Chapman in an effort to understand the relation between control beliefs and cognitive development. In their respective discussions of these papers, Youniss and Baltes frame the issues in terms of the individual versus the social mind and causes versus reasons as explanatory constructs.

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The effects of age, positive affect induction, and instructions on children's delay of gratification

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

A Household Study of Self-Regulation in Children

A Household Study of Self-Regulation in Children

Waiting for the Second Treat: Developing Culture‐Specific Modes of Self‐Regulation

Intentional Action as a Paradigm for Developmental Psychology: A Symposium

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