The Effects of Aggressive Activation and the Need to Merge on Pathological Thinking in Schizophrenia

Silverman, Lloyd H.; Spiro, Robert H.; Weisberg, Janet S.; Candell, Peter

doi:10.1097/00005053-196901000-00005

Cited by 46 publications

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“…To date, eleven studies have been carried out with the above-described design (summarized in Silverman, Lachmann & Milich, 1982). In all of these studies the symbiotic condition resulted in a decrease in pathology that was not in evidence after the control condition.3 This well-replicated finding was subject to the following qualification, however: The reduction in pathology was found only in schizophrenics who could be characterized as "relatively differentiated from their mothers", a characteristic assessed by a procedure that is described elsewhere (Silverman et al, 1969). For less differentiated schizophrenics, on the other hand, the stimulation of symbiotic-like fantasies did not 5 In most of these studies, "pathology" referred both to "pathological thinking" and "pathological nonverbal behavior".…”

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confidence: 92%

The Therapeutic Properties of Unconscious Oneness Fantasies

Silverman

Lachmann

1985

Contemporary Psychoanalysis

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confidence: 92%

The Therapeutic Properties of Unconscious Oneness Fantasies

Silverman

Lachmann

1985

Contemporary Psychoanalysis

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“…For example, Pierce and Lydon [ 30 ] found that the priming of proximity-related words increased reliance on support seeking and decreased reliance on self-denigrating strategies when people were coping with stress. In an older line of work not informed by attachment theory, Silverman and colleagues [ 31 ] found that repeated tachistoscopic exposure to phrases such as “Mommy and I are one” designed to generate “symbiotic-like gratifications” (p. 1299) may be a useful adjunct to treatment for problems ranging from obesity [ 32 ] to delusional thinking in schizophrenics [ 33 ]. More recently, Sohlberg and Birgegard [ 34 ] found long term mood effects (over several weeks) from subliminal exposure to this same symbiotic message.…”

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Secure Base Priming Diminishes Conflict-Based Anger and Anxiety

et al. 2016

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This study examines the impact of a visual representation of a secure base (i.e. a secure base prime) on attenuating experimentally produced anger and anxiety. Specifically, we examined the assuaging of negative emotions through exposure to an image of a mother-infant embrace or a heterosexual couple embracing. Subjects seated at a computer terminal rated their affect (Pre Affect) using the Affect Adjective Checklist (AAC) then listened to two sets of intense two person conflicts. After the first conflict exposure they rated affect again (Post 1 AAC). Following the second exposure they saw a blank screen (control condition), pictures of everyday objects (distraction condition) or a photo of two people embracing (Secure Base Prime condition). They then reported emotions using the Post 2 AAC. Compared to either control or distraction subjects, Secure Base Prime (SBP) subjects reported significantly less anger and anxiety. These results were then replicated using an internet sample with control, SBP and two new controls: Smiling Man (to control for expression of positive affect) and Cold Mother (an unsmiling mother with infant). The SBP amelioration of anger and anxiety was replicated with the internet sample. No control groups produced this effect, which was generated only by a combination of positive affect in a physically embracing dyad. The results are discussed in terms of attachment theory and research on spreading activation.

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“…The first experiment (Silverman & Silverman, 1964) used pictorial stimuli. Subsequently, MOMMY AND I ARE O N E (MIO) and PEOPLE ARE WALKING (PAW, a control), with congruent pictures, were presented to schizophrenic patients (Silverman, Spiro, Weisberg, & Candell, 1969). Silverman, et al (1969) tested whether MIO, designed to effect an illusory merging experience with the good mother of early childhood, could promote adaptive poststimulation behavior.…”

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Critique of Sohlberg and Birgegard's (2003) Report of Persistent Complex Effects of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation Messages

Fudin

2006

Percept Mot Skills

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Silverman in 1983 held that the unconscious encoding of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE triggers a fantasy of symbiotic union with the good mother of early childhood. In contrast, later Sohlberg and Birgegard contended that MOMMY AND I triggers associations to similarity issues with mother, associations that may be influenced by the words following MOMMY AND I. Although their messages produce, lmost invariably, no reportable sensation, Sohlberg and Birgegard claimed strong evidence for the influence of such messages on perception, motivation, and memory, 10 ays poststimulation and suggestive evidence 4 mo. later. Their findings are not compelling evidence for these claims; and there is no evidence that any result was associated with the unconscious encoding of the psychodynamic meaning of a multiword message.

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The Effects of Aggressive Activation and the Need to Merge on Pathological Thinking in Schizophrenia

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

The Therapeutic Properties of Unconscious Oneness Fantasies

The Therapeutic Properties of Unconscious Oneness Fantasies

Secure Base Priming Diminishes Conflict-Based Anger and Anxiety

Critique of Sohlberg and Birgegard's (2003) Report of Persistent Complex Effects of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation Messages

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