The Effects of Aging on Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenia

Kimura, Kazunori; Wake, Rei; Miyaoka, Tsuyoshi; Furuya, Motohide; Liaury, Kristian; Horiguchi, Jun

doi:10.1159/000358840

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In future studies it would be important to determine if aging and schizophrenia interact to further accelerate retinal microvasculature loss in older (>65) patients, as is the case for cerebral hypoperfusion. 58 A potentially important finding from this study is that the first episode and later episode schizophrenia groups did not differ on OCTA findings. This is in contrast to our earlier OCT study of retinal neural layer thickness in the same sample, 24 in which first episode patients' findings were within normal limits, whereas later episode patients demonstrated clear evidence of thinning at the macula.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Consistent with OCTA detecting changes in a range of neurological disorders, 11 it was recently shown that OCTA data predict brain vasculature changes in cerebral small vessel disease. 19 OCTA may therefore have utility as a screening tool for cerebral hypoperfusion, which is a risk factor for dementia, 68,69 but is also found in schizophrenia, 58 even at first episode. 70 Cerebral hypoperfusion is more common in older schizophrenia patients, however, where it worsens at a greater rate than expected from normal aging.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…70 Cerebral hypoperfusion is more common in older schizophrenia patients, however, where it worsens at a greater rate than expected from normal aging. 58 If such cerebral vascular changes are found to contribute to the strikingly increased rates of early and late dementia diagnoses in people with schizophrenia, 71 OCTA could be an expedient and non-invasive method for monitoring neurovascular degeneration and cognitive decline in schizophrenia and other conditions associated with microvasculature changes, including atrophy over time.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Microvasculature in Schizophrenia

Silverstein¹,

Lai²,

Green³

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Schizophrenia is associated with alterations in neural structure and function of the retina that are similar to changes seen in the retina and brain in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Preliminary evidence suggests that retinal microvasculature may also be compromised in schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to determine, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), whether 1) schizophrenia is associated with alterations in retinal microvasculature density; and 2) microvasculature reductions are associated with retinal neural layer thinning and performance on a measure of verbal IQ. Patients and Methods: Twenty-eight outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 37 psychiatrically healthy control subjects completed OCT and OCTA exams, and the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. Results: Schizophrenia patients were characterized by retinal microvasculature density reductions, and enlarged foveal avascular zones, in both eyes. These microvascular abnormalities were generally associated with thinning of retinal neural (macular and peripapillary nerve fiber layer) tissue (but the data were stronger for the left than the right eye) and lower scores on a proxy measure of verbal IQ. First-and later-episode patients did not differ significantly on OCTA findings. Conclusion:The retinal microvasculature impairments seen in schizophrenia appear to be a biomarker of overall brain health, as is the case for multiple neurological conditions. Additional research is needed, however, to clarify contributions of social disadvantage and medical comorbidities to the findings.

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Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Microvasculature in Schizophrenia

Silverstein¹,

Lai²,

Green³

et al. 2021

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“…The glutamate hypothesis is based on the finding that antagonists of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors induce schizophrenia-like symptoms in healthy individuals and exacerbate symptoms in patients with schizophrenia [40]. In addition, many reports have shown that schizophrenia indicates abnormalities of the blood flow in the brain [41–44]. For example, Talati et al noted an increased hippocampal cerebral blood volume but a normal cerebral blood flow in patients with schizophrenia [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Glutamate May Cause Dilation of Retinal Blood Vessels in Glutamate/Aspartate Transporter-Deficient Mice

Gonome

Xie

Arai

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Purpose To investigate the longitudinal findings of fundus features and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to characterize the morphologic features in a mouse model of defective glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST−/− mice). Materials and Methods The fundus findings and SD-OCT images were longitudinally recorded at five time points from postnatal (P) 22 to P156 in GLAST−/− mice. As a control wild type, age-matched C57BL/6J mice were employed. The mouse retina was subdivided into five layers, and the thickness of each layer was longitudinally measured by InSight® using SD-OCT pictures. The SD-OCT findings were compared with the histologic appearances. The diameter of the retinal blood vessels was measured by the ImageJ® software program using SD-OCT images. The data were statistically compared between both age-matched mouse groups. Results The retinal blood vessels appeared more dilated in GLAST−/− mice than in wild-type mice. This tendency was statistically significant at all time points after P44 by analyses using SD-OCT images. The ganglion cell complex (GCC) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were significantly thinner in GLAST−/− mice at all time points after P80 than in the wild-type mice. This tendency was more clearly indicated by SD-OCT than histologic sections. Discussion In the present study, we found for the first time the dilation of the retinal blood vessels and the thinning of the ONL in GLAST−/− mice, in addition to the thinning of the GCC.

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“…Studies have identified significant bilateral temporal hypoperfusion related to aging and disease course. It has been suggested that this decrease in CBF with aging is paralleled with the degenerative changes observed in patients with schizophrenia (Schultz et al, 2002;Kawakami et al, 2014).…”

Section: Altered Cerebral Blood Flow In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum

Ouellette

Lacoste

2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature ensures proper brain development and function, as well as healthy aging. The inability of the brain to store energy makes it exceptionally dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream for matching colossal demands of neural and glial cells. Key vascular features including a dense vasculature, a tightly controlled environment, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) all take part in brain health throughout life. As such, healthy brain development and aging are both ensured by the anatomical and functional interaction between the vascular and nervous systems that are established during brain development and maintained throughout the lifespan. During critical periods of brain development, vascular networks remodel until they can actively respond to increases in neural activity through neurovascular coupling, which makes the brain particularly vulnerable to neurovascular alterations. The brain vasculature has been strongly associated with the onset and/or progression of conditions associated with aging, and more recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our understanding of cerebrovascular contributions to neurological disorders is rapidly evolving, and increasing evidence shows that deficits in angiogenesis, CBF and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are causally linked to cognitive impairment. Moreover, it is of utmost curiosity that although neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders express different clinical features at different stages of life, they share similar vascular abnormalities. In this review, we present an overview of vascular dysfunctions associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Down Syndrome) and neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases) disorders, with a focus on impairments in angiogenesis, CBF and the BBB. Finally, we discuss the impact of early vascular impairments on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases.

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The Effects of Aging on Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Schizophrenia

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Retinal Microvasculature in Schizophrenia

Retinal Microvasculature in Schizophrenia

Excess Glutamate May Cause Dilation of Retinal Blood Vessels in Glutamate/Aspartate Transporter-Deficient Mice

From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum

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