The effects of airbag deployment on severe upper extremity injuries in frontal automobile crashes

Jernigan, M. Virginia; Duma, Stefan M.

doi:10.1053/ajem.2003.50037

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In their study, Jernigan et al found that the majority of upper extremity injuries were caused directly by the airbag (27.7 %), followed by the instrument panel or glove box (20.2 %) and the steering wheel (17.8 %) [7]. This was confirmed by Chong et al [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Airbag-Induced Thumb Avulsion: Two Case Reports

Stoel

Vanhaecke

Dezillie

et al. 2014

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Jernigan et al states that 0.7 % of occupants exposed to an airbag deployment sustained a severe upper extremity injury specifically related to the airbag [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airbag-Induced Thumb Avulsion: Two Case Reports

Stoel

Vanhaecke

Dezillie

et al. 2014

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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“…Several airbags include straps called tethers inside the fabric to prevent the airbag from reaching too close towards a driver or passenger and violently slamming them in the face [197,198]. The tethers are optional and some manufacturers do not install them in their airbag designs.…”

Section: Textile Progress 251mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airbags

et al. 2013

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In recent years, safety systems such as seat belts and airbags have been one of the fastgrowing sectors within the automotive industry. Seat belts and airbags have made driving substantially safer since their introduction. Airbags are safety systems used to cushion the driver or passenger during a collision and reduce bodily injuries. The technology involved in the manufacturing and working of airbags is complex. Since the early stages of development, airbag technology has been undergoing continual evolution in terms of design, materials and performance. Airbags are typically made from woven fabric, which may be coated or uncoated but must be impermeable to gases and flame resistant. In terms of their operation, modern airbags are smart restraint systems, which can tailor the deployment of the airbag according to the crash severity, body size of the occupant and proximity of the occupant to the airbag system prior to deployment. The future of airbags is extremely promising because there are many diverse applications ranging from motorcycle helmets to aircraft seating. In this article, an outline is given of the historical development of airbags and their value in saving lives is illustrated by supporting statistical data. The essential parameters required for airbag yarn and fabric components are discussed in detail. In addition, the processes involved in the manufacture, assembly and testing of airbag systems are explained. The mechanisms and chemical reactions involved in the deployment of different types of airbags are also discussed, and recent developments in airbag design and their possible future applications are reported.

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“…12,15,19,23,26,44,46 It has been reported that chest injuries rank second only to head injuries in overall number of fatalities and serious injuries in automotive collisions. 3 Brumbelow and Zuby 2 examined the National Automotive Sampling System -Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) from 2000 to 2006 for injury patterns to belted occupants who sustained an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ‡3 injury as a result of a frontal automotive collision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Chest Injuries in Automobile Collisions: Rib Fracture Timing and Implications for Thoracic Injury Criteria

et al. 2011

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The purpose of this study was to quantify the biomechanical response of the human thorax during dynamic shoulder belt loading representative of that seen in a severe automotive collision. Two post-mortem human surrogates (PMHSs) (one male and one female) were instrumented with 26 single-axis strain gages on the ribs, sternum, and clavicle. The thorax of each PMHS was placed on a custom spine support bracket designed to support the thorax on either side of the spinous process, thereby allowing free motion at the costovertebral joints. In addition, the support bracket raised the thorax above the flat base plate, which could otherwise constrain the deformation and motion of the posterior region of the rib cage. The thorax of each PMHS was then loaded using a custom table-top belt loading system that generated thoracic displacement rates representative of a severe automotive collision, 1.3 m/s for the male PMHS and 1.0 m/s for the female PMHS. The rib fracture timing data, determined by analyzing the strain gage time histories, showed that severe thoracic injury (AIS = 3) occurred at 16% chest compression for the male and 12% chest compression for the female. However, these values are well below the current thoracic injury criteria of 29% chest compression for the male and 23% chest compression for the female. This data illustrates that serious thoracic injury (AIS = 3) occurs at lower chest compressions than the current ATD thoracic injury criteria. Overall, this study provides critical data that can be used in the design and validation of advanced ATDs and finite element models, as well as the establishment of improved, more stringent thoracic injury criteria.

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The effects of airbag deployment on severe upper extremity injuries in frontal automobile crashes

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Airbag-Induced Thumb Avulsion: Two Case Reports

Airbag-Induced Thumb Avulsion: Two Case Reports

Airbags

Reducing Chest Injuries in Automobile Collisions: Rib Fracture Timing and Implications for Thoracic Injury Criteria

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