The effects of ammonia stress exposure on protein degradation, immune response, degradation of nitrogen-containing compounds and energy metabolism of Chinese mitten crab

Abstract

The Chinese mitten crab is one of the most economically important crab that is widely farmed in China. Ammonia, which is a main physiological challenge for crab culture, grow rapidly in the intensive culture system over time, but little information is available with Chinese mitten crab on the molecular mechanisms. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of response to ammonia stress in Eriocheir japonica sinensis, comparative transcriptome analysis was used to identify the key genes and pathways in hepatopancreas challenged with ammonia stress (325.07 mg/L NaCl). By sequencing the transcriptome hepatopancreas of E. j. sinensis treated with ammonia, 366,472 unigenes were obtained and annotated into several public libraries for later analyses. Subsequently, 1,775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identi ed according to comparative transcriptome analysis, of which 307 were up-regulated and 1,468 were down-regulated. According to the DEGs of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, we focused on four aspects of signi cant enrichment in this study: protein degradation, immune response, degradation of nitrogen-containing compounds and energy metabolism. The genes involved in protein degradation and energy metabolism process showed a signi cant decrease which was consisting of overall biological activity of E. j. sinensis decreased. In addition, ve genes involved in high concentration of ammonia were discovered and validated by qRT-PCR. Therefore, this study will help us understand the molecular mechanisms of E. j. sinensis under high ammonia exposure.

Liver Injury and Metabolic Dysregulation in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) after Ammonia Exposure

“…The oxidoreduction activity, electric transfer activity, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, oxidation-reduction process, and oxidative physiology of GO enrichment analysis are all related to energy metabolism. This is similar to the changed energy metabolism of Chinese mitten crab during ammonia stress [ 53 ]. Besides GO enrichment analysis, KEGG enrichment was also conducted, with the upregulated and downregulated genes enriched, respectively.…”

Effects of Tannin Supplementation in Diet on the Resistance to Ammonia Stress of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Metabolomics can systematically evaluate the physiological status of organisms under disease, stress, and nutritional conditions by exploring metabolic pathways such as sugar generation, amino acid, and lipid metabolism [17,18]. In addition, omics techniques have also been used to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of aquatic organisms under ammonia stress [19,20]. Our preliminary research found that TA has a good effect on improving the antiammonia nitrogen stress ability of L. vannamei, but the underlying molecular mechanism was still unclear.…”

Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue Distribution of Butachlor in the Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

“…In 2022, the total cultivated area of farmed rice-crabs in northeast China reached 137,000 hectares [12]. The growth, metabolism, and reproduction of E. sinensis are primarily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, oxygen, nutrient concentration, heavy metals, and organic pollutants [13][14][15][16][17]. Some herbicides widely used in rice cultivation have been shown to be acutely toxic to E. sinensis, and studies have been carried out regarding their residual effects and histopathological characterization [18,19].…”