The effects of an arm ergometer training programme on wheelchair subjects

Taylor, Albert W.; McDonell, Ellen; Brassard, Leah

doi:10.1038/sc.1986.14

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(3) PeakV/02 of com petitors was reduced during the off season. There are a lot of reports concerning the effects of training on the improvement of physical fitness of subjects (Saltin et al 1968;Ekblom et al, 1968;Taylor et al, 1986). Two significant differences appear in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Transition of physical fitness in wheelchair marathon competitors over several years

1989

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SummaryTwenty eight stress tests for 14 wheelchair marathon competitors were performed to determine their physical fitness just before the Oita International wheelchair mara thon since 1984. All the subjects were wheelchair-bound Japanese males and workers at Sun Industry. Oxygen consumption at the maximal workload was significantly larger than that of non-athletic paraplegics and the mean values were 35·0 ± 4·8 ml/kg in competitors and 22·6 ± 5·0 ml/min/kg in non-athletic paraplegics. Eight competitors had more than 2 stress tests and 6 of them had 3 tests from 1984 to 1987. The oxygen consumption at the maximal workload of their third test was very high (46·5 ± 6·8 ml/min/kg) equal to highly trained paraplegics, and was larger than the result of the first test significantly. Their physical fitness was reduced signifi cantly during the off season, however their physical fitness was maintained at a satisfactory higher level than that of non-athletes. This study demonstrated that individual training for wheelchair marathoners had improved the competitors' physi cal fitness over several years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Transition of physical fitness in wheelchair marathon competitors over several years

1989

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“…Changes in aerobic capacity are associated with parallel changes in mitochondrial density and capillarity of skeletal muscles. 25 Also, Taylor et al 26,27 observed a signi®cant increase in slow twitch areas after endurance arm exercise training in SCI subjects, and it supported in faster V . O 2 kinetics in the trained SCI subjects.…”

Section: Steadymentioning

confidence: 95%

Kinetics and steady-state of V̇O2 responses to arm exercise in trained spinal cord injury humans

et al. 2002

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Study design: Cross-sectional study comparing trained spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects (lesion level: L1*T6) with healthy young subjects (CONT). Objective: To investigate the kinetics of response in oxygen uptake (V . O 2 ) in human upperbody skeletal muscles, nine trained SCI subjects underwent submaximal supine arm exercises. Method: The SCI subjects underwent an incremental arm exercise test until exhaustion. The days after this ®rst round of testing, breath-by-breath V . O 2 and beat-by-beat heart rate (HR) on-and o -kinetics were determined during three repetitions of constant exercise at 50% of V . O 2peak . The overall time course of response was determined from the half time (t 1/2 ). Increased capillary blood lactate production (D[La]b) at the onset of exercise was de®ned as the di erence between at rest and at the end of exercise. Cardiac output (Q . ) was measured using the acetylene rebreathing method during the steady state of exercise. In accordance with the Fick principle, the di erence in arterial-venous O 2 content (Ca-v _ O 2 ) was de®ned as V . O 2 /Q . . Results: During the steady state of the submaximal arm exercise, a more signi®cant increase in the steady state of Q . was obtained in the CONT subjects than in the trained SCI subjects: respectively, 14.9+1.4 l/min versus (12.7+0.8 l/min). There was no di erence in the steady state of V . O 2 between the two groups; as a result, SCI subjects had the greater Ca-v _ O 2 . Meanwhile,V . O 2 on-and o -kinetics became much faster in the trained SCI subjects than in the CONT subjects. In addition, t 1/2 HR on-kinetics was not signi®cantly di erent between the SCI and CONT groups. Increased D[La]b was closely related to larger t 1/2 V . O 2 on-kinetics (r=0.624, P50.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that the acceleration of V . O 2 on-and o -kinetics in the trained SCI subjects was observed even though there was no di erence in HR on-and o -kinetics between the SCI and CONT groups and a lower steady state of Q . in the trained SCI subjects. V . O 2 kinetics would therefore be the limiting factor in oxidative phosphorylation in the upper skeletal muscles, thereby providing a lower lactic O 2 -de®cit (ie D[La]b).

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“…The key findings from these three trials were that ES-driven exercise (versus no intervention) of the paralyzed lower limbs increased lower limb lean body mass; 17 strength and fitness training (versus education and relaxation) decreased pain; 19 and arm-cranking exercise (versus no intervention) increased the proportion of slow twitch muscle fibres in the triceps muscles. 22 The size of the between-group differences could not be ascertained in the other three trials with statistically significant between-group differences. 18,20,21 (2) Gait training: Five trials assessed the effectiveness of gait training either with weight-supported systems 23,24,27 or with orthoses.…”

Section: La Harvey Et Almentioning

confidence: 89%

“…23,[31][32][33]35,37 Dropouts were also a common problem, with only 18 trials reporting outcome data on at least 85% of subjects. 8,9,[18][19][20][22][23][24]27,28,[31][32][33][34][35]37,40,41 Not surprisingly and due to the nature of the interventions, only two trials blinded subjects 37,43 and no trial blinded therapists. Figure 1 Examples of outcomes from trials demonstrating the four types of results, namely, between-group statistical significance and clearly important treatment effects; between-group statistical significance and inconclusive treatment effects; no between-group statistical significance and inconclusive treatment effects; and no between-group statistical significance and ineffective treatments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] However, only three trials had clearly important between-group differences. The key findings from these three trials were that ES-driven exercise (versus no intervention) of the paralyzed lower limbs increased lower limb lean body mass; 17 strength and fitness training (versus education and relaxation) decreased pain; 19 and arm-cranking exercise (versus no intervention) increased the proportion of slow twitch muscle fibres in the triceps muscles.…”

Section: La Harvey Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of physical interventions for people with spinal cord injuries: a systematic review

et al. 2008

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Study design: Systematic review. Objectives: To provide a quantitative analysis of all randomized controlled trials designed to determine the effectiveness of physical interventions for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Sydney, Australia. Methods: A search was conducted for randomized controlled trials involving physical interventions for people with SCI. Two reviewers independently rated methodological quality using the PEDro scale and extracted key findings from the trials. Results: Four thousand five hundred and forty three abstracts were identified of which 31 trials met the inclusion criteria. Trials examined the effectiveness of fitness and strength training (n ¼ 7), gait training (n ¼ 5), hand therapy (n ¼ 3), stretch (n ¼ 4), acupuncture (n ¼ 3), hand splinting (n ¼ 2) and other related therapies (n ¼ 7). Six trials reported a between-group mean difference with a clearly important treatment effect on at least one outcome measure. These trials supported the use of fitness, strength and gait training as well as acupuncture. Conclusion: There is initial evidence supporting the effectiveness of some physical interventions for people with SCI. However, there is a pressing need for high-quality trials to determine the effectiveness of all physical interventions commonly administered in clinical practice.

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The effects of an arm ergometer training programme on wheelchair subjects

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Transition of physical fitness in wheelchair marathon competitors over several years

Transition of physical fitness in wheelchair marathon competitors over several years

Kinetics and steady-state of V̇O2 responses to arm exercise in trained spinal cord injury humans

The effectiveness of physical interventions for people with spinal cord injuries: a systematic review

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