The effects of an exercise training on steroid hormones in preadolescent children – a moderator for enhanced cognition?

Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training on Fine Motor Skills and Testosterone Concentration in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

“…There were no significant changes in testosterone concentration after the intervention and the effect of time-group interaction was minimal (η 2 = 0.041). Our results are consistent with the study carried out by Akko et al [26] where the authors did not find changes in salivary testosterone after the 10 weeks of cardiovascular vs. motor exercise training of moderate intensity in preadolescent children. Indeed, most studies have analyzed testosterone concentration in response to an acute intervention and found increased testosterone concentration after the exercise of moderate-vigorous intensity in adolescents [58,59].…”

“…Studies with adults showed an increased testosterone concentration after exercise training [24,25]. Results of preadolescent children, reported by a recently published study [26], revealed no change in testosterone concentration after motor vs. CVE training. However, Niemann et al [27] concluded that the testosterone response to acute exercise was influenced by sustained PA in habitually low-active preadolescent children, but with no clear indication of the type of exercise training.…”

“…However, we did not expect the relationship meaning a detrimental effect of the testosterone on fine motor skills: participants with a higher testosterone concentration made more mistakes in the fine motor skills test. On the contrary, Akko et al [26] revealed the positive impact of increased testosterone on cognition after the motor exercise training in preadolescent children. Moreover, a study by Wegner et al [23] found an association between the overall increased salivary testosterone and the overall improvement of fine motor skills in adolescents, although after an acute stress.…”

The Effect of Physical Activity Intervention on Panic and Anxiety Symptoms in Children, Adolescents and Early Adulthoods: A Meta-Analysis

“…As shown in Table 2, 15 RCT studies with sufficient data were included. Among these studies, 14 obtained anxiety measurements, including social anxiety disorder [14,25,26] and GAD [10,13,[27][28][29][30][31][32], and 4 studies obtained panic measurements [10,[31][32][33]. There were 994 participants included in total, and 478 and 354 participants were allocated in the intervention and control groups, respectively.…”

“…Physical activity intervention duration was from a minimum of 2 weeks to 8 months, and frequency was 2 or 3 sessions per week, with two studies performing a onesession intervention [10,34]. Two studies also provided discussion and reflection sessions after the physical activity sessions [34,35] and two studies were conducted on the school campus [14,28]. The Psychology of Panic NA: not applicable, NR: not reported, CD: cannot determine, overall of Good: more than 10Y (NA = Y), Fair 8 to 10Y, Poor: Below 8.…”