The Effects of Anaerobic Swim Ergometer Training on Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers

Pinos, Adam J.; Bentley, David J.; Logan-Sprenger, Heather M.

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0591

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…As such, dry-land strength training, plyometrics, or the use of several home-work machines were suggested as useful alternatives to avoid a complete training cessation (Haddad et al, 2021). Although there is evidence that reports positive effects of this kind of training (e.g., Sadowski et al, 2020;Pinos et al, 2020), it is clear that the in-water training cessation would compromise the swimmers' full capacity and, as a consequence, affect their performance (Moreira et al, 2014;Zacca et al, 2019). Thus, there is an opportunity to understand and quantify how the swimming performance was affected during these last years due to the unexpected lockdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much the Swimming Performance Leading to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Was Impaired Due to the Covid-19 Lockdown?

Costa¹,

Garrido²,

Marinho³

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to analyze the progression and stability in the performance of world-ranked swimmers from 2015 to 2020, and the impairment induced by the COVID-19 lockdown. An observational retrospective design over five consecutive competitive seasons was selected. FINA’s male Top-50 who were qualified for the Tokyo Olympic Games were considered in freestyle, backstroke, backstroke, and butterfly events. A total of 515 male swimmers and 2060 season-best performances were analyzed. All data was retrieved from two open-access and public websites (Swimrankings and Swimcloud). Repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed to analyze the variation between seasons. Stabilization in performance was assessed using spearman correlation coefficients. A significant improvement in performance ≈0.5-2.5% was found in most of the strokes and race distances until the 2018-2019 season. The 2020 lockdown impaired the performance by 1-2%. Moderate to high associations were found in the 2017-2018 season when considering the 2019-2020 performance. The breaststroke was the only stroke with a moderate-high stability (r > 0.40) in all race distances considering the overall time period. It can be concluded that world-ranked swimmers’ performance was impaired by 1-2% due to the COVID-19 lockdown, returning to levels that were reached two years earlier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much the Swimming Performance Leading to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Was Impaired Due to the Covid-19 Lockdown?

Costa¹,

Garrido²,

Marinho³

et al. 2021

jsportscimed

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“…The problem to be solved at present is how to find an optimal hyperplane under a certain precision. 6 All sample points will not be more than ε from the optimal hyperplane. This paper transforms the current optimization problem into a minimal model complexity.…”

Section: Investigation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Swimmers’ Physical Coordination Based on Anaerobic Endurance Training

Wang

2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Anaerobic exercise is a critical factor in swimming training. Coaches who monitor an athlete’s anaerobic capacity can use this tool to improve competitive performance. Objective: Analyze the effect of the anaerobic function test on swimmers’ training. Methods: We examined the anaerobic exercise capacity of swimmers the relationship between human body composition and anaerobic work capacity. For this purpose, 14 swimmers were selected by random sampling. Individual anaerobic threshold, serum testosterone and serum cortisol of the athletes at different periods were measured. Results: Individual anaerobic thresholds were significantly lower in male and female athletes after training. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The plasma testosterone/cortisol content of female swimmers after six weeks of anaerobic endurance training was significantly lower than the pre-training mean (P<0.05). After six weeks of anaerobic endurance training, the plasma testosterone/cortisol content of the male swimmers was lower than that of the standard group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The swimmers’ bodies were impacted after anaerobic endurance training. The importance of attention by the coach to consider the differences between male and female athletes when conducting dedicated anaerobic threshold training is emphasized. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies-investigating treatment outcomes .

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“…Following a 5 min warm-up consisting of ten incremental pulls from low to submaximal intensity, participants were instructed to perform maximal sprint at zero resistance with one h passive recovery between trials. A zero resistance was set for the test to ensure pulling is implemented with maximal velocity entire the test [ 2 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pre-sleep protein supplementation on plasma markers of muscle damage and inflammatory cytokines resulting from sprint interval training in trained swimmers

Deng

Gao

2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Pre-sleep protein has been shown to improve muscle recovery overnight following exercise-induced muscle damage. Whether such an approach affects recovery from sprint interval training (SIT) has yet to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of protein supplementation every night before sleep on early (45 min post-SIT) and late (24 and 48 h after SIT) responses of creatine kinase (CK) and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 and 10 (IL-6 and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Methods Twenty trained swimmers underwent a 2-week in-water swimming SIT (two sets of 12 × 50-m all-out swims, interspersed by 1:1 recovery between each sprint and 3 min of rest between sets) and were randomized to two intervention groups receiving either 0.5 g kg −1 day −1 protein beverage (PRO) or the same amount of carbohydrate (CHO) preceding going to bed every night. For initial and final training sessions, CK and cytokine responses were analyzed at different time points, including resting, immediately after completion, 45 min post-SIT, and 24 and 48 h after SIT. Results CK concentrations elevated from resting point to 24 and 48 h post-SIT for both PRO and CHO groups ( p < 0.05). In both training groups, the peak levels of IL-6 and 10 were observed 45 min post-SIT on both occasions. TNFα levels significantly elevated from rest to immediately after SIT ( p < 0.001) and returned to values equivalent to the baseline afterward in both groups and on both occasions. In both groups, swimming SIT also switched the cytokine response 48 hours after exercise to an anti-inflammatory status by decreasing the ratio of IL-6 to IL-10 ( p < 0.04) in the last training session. Conclusions Pre-sleep protein ingestion failed to ameliorate blood markers of muscle damage. The late anti-inflammatory profile of cytokines and exercise-induced muscle damage improved after two weeks of swimming SIT with either protein or carbohydrate ingestion before sleep.

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The Effects of Anaerobic Swim Ergometer Training on Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers

Cited by 7 publications

References 91 publications

How Much the Swimming Performance Leading to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Was Impaired Due to the Covid-19 Lockdown?

How Much the Swimming Performance Leading to Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Was Impaired Due to the Covid-19 Lockdown?

Improvement of Swimmers’ Physical Coordination Based on Anaerobic Endurance Training

Effects of pre-sleep protein supplementation on plasma markers of muscle damage and inflammatory cytokines resulting from sprint interval training in trained swimmers

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