The effects of anodic interlayer on the morphology and mechanical performances of electroless Ni–P coating on Al alloy

Wang, Jinwei; Wu, Qiang

doi:10.1007/s00339-017-1048-5

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similar results were reported by Wang and Wu [13]. Double pre-treatment, however, resulted in thicker nickel deposition.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, coatings without pre-treatments do often not give satisfactory results [7] due to rapid oxidation of the alloy surface, leading to the formation of a thin surface-oxide film, which reduces adhesive forces between the metal and the coating [7,8]. Therefore, electroless Ni-P coating of aluminum alloys, generally, requires pre-treatments using activators prior to the coating process [1][2][3][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Pre-treatments are classified into two categories: (i) single and (ii) double pre-treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel fluoride as a surface activation agent for electroless nickel coating of anodized AA1050 aluminum alloy

Kocabaş

Örnek

Curioni

et al. 2019

Surface and Coatings Technology

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In this study, the use of nickel fluoride tetrahydrate (NiF 2 •4H 2 O) as a surface activator and sealant at the same time for the coating of electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) on anodized aluminum alloy AA1050 is proposed. The usage of the activator resulted in more efficient deposition of Ni-P, improved adhesion properties, and increased wear and friction behavior as opposed to non-activated conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLM) analyses of ultramicrotome-cut cross sections of Ni-P coated specimens, surface-activated by NiF 2 •4H 2 O, revealed a more well-structured metal-coating interface as opposed to non-activated conditions.

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“…Similar results were reported by Wang and Wu [13]. Double pre-treatment, however, resulted in thicker nickel deposition.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel fluoride as a surface activation agent for electroless nickel coating of anodized AA1050 aluminum alloy

Kocabaş

Örnek

Curioni

et al. 2019

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Crystallization and phase transformation processes of ELD Ni-P film during thermal processing have roles in determining the material properties [32]. By applying an ELD Ni-P layer on top of an aluminum alloy substrate, the material properties, such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and hardness may be significantly improved [33,34]. In addition, according to Asher et al 2009, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), such as functional silanes SAMs, may also be applied in order to improve the metal adhesion to oxidized surfaces [21].…”

Section: Electroless Plating Of Gold Silver and Au-ag Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold, Silver, and Electrum Electroless Plating on Additively Manufactured Laser Powder-Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg Parts: A Review

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM) revolutionary technologies open new opportunities and challenges. They allow low-cost manufacturing of parts with complex geometries and short time-to-market of products that can be exclusively customized. Additive manufactured parts often need post-printing surface modification. This study aims to review novel environmental-friendly surface finishing process of 3D-printed AlSi10Mg parts by electroless deposition of gold, silver, and gold–silver alloy (e.g., electrum) and to propose a full process methodology suitable for effective metallization. This deposition technique is simple and low cost method, allowing the metallization of both conductive and insulating materials. The AlSi10Mg parts were produced by the additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (AM-LPBF) process. Gold, silver, and their alloys were chosen as coatings due to their esthetic appearance, good corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The metals were deposited on 3D-printed disk-shaped specimens at 80 and 90 °C using a dedicated surface activation method where special functionalization of the printed AlSi10Mg was performed to assure a uniform catalytic surface yielding a good adhesion of the deposited metal to the substrate. Various methods were used to examine the coating quality, including light microscopy, optical profilometry, XRD, X-ray fluorescence, SEM–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM, and XPS analyses. The results indicate that the developed coatings yield satisfactory quality, and the suggested surface finishing process can be used for many AM products and applications.

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“…It is quite a simple and inexpensive method, enabling production of rather uniform deposits, especially in the case of rough surfaces and deep holes, without an external current source (as electroplating) or vacuum technology equipment (rich and complicated) [23][24][25]. ELD is a very promising technology among the diverse thin film fabrication methods, since it can be applied to both conductive and non-conductive surfaces [26][27][28]. There are various formulations of silver and gold ELD available in the literature, which are often used for commercial applications [29].…”

Section: Electroless Plating Of Gold-silver Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, aluminum alloys, such as AlSi10Mg, often tend to suffer from local corrosion attacks, such as pitting corrosion. Therefore, it is common to add a nickel-phosphorus (NiP) coating to aluminum alloys in order to protect the surface from wear and to improve its hardness and corrosion resistance [28,29].…”

Section: Electroless Plating Of Gold-silver Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold–Silver Electroless Plating on Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additively Printed AlSi10Mg Parts

Inberg

Ashkenazi

Kimmel

et al. 2020

Metals

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The current research presents a novel methodology for surface finishing of printed AlSi10Mg parts by electroless deposited gold–silver (electrum) alloys. The parts were printed by additive manufacturing laser powder-bed fusion (AM-LPBF). The electrum was chosen due to its appearance and good electrical and thermal properties and was deposited on disk-shaped specimens at 80 and 90 °C. The coating quality and appearance were studied by different methods for various deposition times and film thicknesses. The results indicate that Au–Ag coatings of AM-LPBF AlSi10Mg yield satisfactory results. The XRD analysis revealed that the coatings were composed of Au–Ag crystalline phases and beneath them, a quasi-amorphous or mixed quasi-amorphous and nanocrystalline Ni–P interlayer. The mechanism of electrum formation was studied based on the XPS analysis results as a function of the temperature and concentration. At 80 °C, the Ag was dominant at the beginning of the deposition process, while at 90 °C the Au was first detected on the interface. This result was explained by the electrochemical properties of alloying metals and the binding energies required to form metal–Ni and Au–Ag bonding. The results indicate that the electrum coatings are satisfactory, and the developed surface finishing process could be used for many applications.

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The effects of anodic interlayer on the morphology and mechanical performances of electroless Ni–P coating on Al alloy

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Nickel fluoride as a surface activation agent for electroless nickel coating of anodized AA1050 aluminum alloy

Nickel fluoride as a surface activation agent for electroless nickel coating of anodized AA1050 aluminum alloy

Gold, Silver, and Electrum Electroless Plating on Additively Manufactured Laser Powder-Bed Fusion AlSi10Mg Parts: A Review

Gold–Silver Electroless Plating on Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additively Printed AlSi10Mg Parts

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