The Effects of Apolipoprotein E Alleles (&amp;epsilon;2, &amp;epsilon;3 and &amp;epsilon;4) on Plasma Lipid Levels in Middle-aged Subjects

Eto, Masashi; Watanabe, Kiyoshi; Iwashima, Yasunori; Morikawa, Akizuki; Oshima, Eiji; Sekiguchi, Masatomo; Ishii, Kaneo

doi:10.5551/jat1973.14.3_491

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…20,23,24 ), with previous studies giving it an important role 25 . Considered as "thrifty allele" 21 , the allele has been associated with elevated total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level 26 , which we failed to confirm in our study. Its risk potential for the development of CAD is commonly accepted, although negative effects on the development of atherosclerosis in heterozygous genotypes appear to be milder in recent large studies and meta-analyses, and possible publication bias is being discussed [27][28][29][30] .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD

Máchal¹,

Vašků²,

Hlinomaz³

et al. 2012

BIOMED PAP

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Aims. The impact of ApoE polymorphism on angiographic parameters was assessed in patients referred for coronary angiography. Methods. Elective coronary angiography was performed in 671 subjects (525 men, 146 women, mean age 60±10 years) with symptoms of ischemic heart disease. The patients were divided into: no CAD group (smooth coronary vessels, n=83), one-vessel (n=155), two-vessel (n=170) and three-vessel disease (n=196). Patients with stenoses 0-50% were excluded. Within patients with CAD, we evaluated overall extent of CAD measured by the number of stenotic segments according to AHA (1 segment vs. 2-3 vs. ≥4), and the severity of the most serious stenosis (in percent). ApoE genotype was determined using real-time PCR. Results. The frequency of ε2/ε3 genotype (n=56) was lower in the three-vessel disease group compared to one-vessel disease (OR=0.25, P=0.0019), two-vessel disease (OR=0.31, P=0.0114) or no CAD group (OR=0.24, P=0.0057). Frequency of ε2/ε3 decreased with the number of affected segments (1 vs. ≥4: OR=0.35, P=0.0143). The ε3/ε4+ε4/ε4 genotypes (n=123) were more frequent in CAD patients altogether compared with no CAD group (OR=2.30, P=0.019), while no impact of the ε4 allele on angiographic parameters within the CAD patients was detected. In ε2/ε3 carriers with CAD, lower LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and lower use of lipid-lowering drugs were observed. Conclusions. The results show predominantly focal form of CAD in patients with ε2/ε3 genotype. Lower LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol may play the key role, although other contributing factors are discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The most apparent systemic effect is the lowering of LDL-C and total cholesterol in ε2/ε3 (ref. 26,27 ). Those characteristics, though not in that apparent way, seem to also take place in ε2/ε4 heterozygotes, where the opposite effects of E2 and E4 isoforms are present 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD

Máchal¹,

Vašků²,

Hlinomaz³

et al. 2012

BIOMED PAP

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“…Epidemiological data indicate that the frequency of the 3 allele is higher in Japanese and Chinese than in Caucasians, while the frequency of the 4 allele is lower in Asians than Caucasians 3,16) . Our data indicate that the frequency of the 3 allele is quite consistent with previous reports in Japanese 8,11,16,17) , and is slightly higher than that of Icelandic and Hungarian populations and much higher than that in the Finnish population 15) . Our study confirmed that the 4 allele is associated with higher, and the 2 allele is associated with lower, LDL cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in the Japanese Population

Arai

Yamamoto

Matsuzawa

et al. 2007

JAT

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Aim:The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of apolipoprotein E (apo E) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms on serum lipid and homocysteine levels in the general Japanese population. Methods: We analyzed the polymorphisms in individuals randomly selected from among participants of Serum Lipid Survey 2000. Results: The frequency of the 2, 3, and 4 alleles of APOE was 4.2, 85.3, and 10.5%, respectively. Individuals with the genotype 4/ 4 had the highest total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, while those with 2/ 2 had the lowest. Individuals with the 2/ 2 and 2/ 4 genotypes had higher remnant-like particles (RLP)-cholesterol levels than those with 2 3, 3 3, and 3 4. There was a trend for individuals with the 2/ 4 and 2/ 2 genotypes to have higher triglyceride levels, although the difference was not significant. The presence of the T allele in a MTHFR polymorphism (C667T) was associated with higher homocysteine levels, which is more prominent in men than in women. Conclusion: Thus in our large-scale analysis we have shown that RLP-cholesterol is better associated with APOE genotype than triglyceride and the effect of the T allele on MTHFR polymorphism (C667T) homocysteine levels is more prominent in men than in women among Japanese.

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“…The 2/4 allele combination (n = 55) was excluded, as ε2 and ε4 alleles have opposite influences on apoE phenotypes, and 2/4 is a relatively rare genotype. 14,15 Measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference (waist girth) were obtained at each examination according to standardized protocol described previously. 30 Body mass index (BMI) was computed as weight in kilograms divided by squared height in meters (kg/ m 2 ).…”

Section: Data Collection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13] Moreover, the ε4 allele is associated with lower apo E-protein concentrations, resulting in lower HDLs, higher LDLs, and higher TGs, whereas the opposite is true for ε2 alleles. 14,15 Evidence from animal models indicates that apo E genotype and estrogen act in concert to influence lipid profiles 16 and that apo E genotype expression itself may be regulated in part by estrogen. 17 Both estrogen and progesterone interact with apo E genotypes to affect lipids in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Long-Term HDL-C Declines Associated with a First Birth Vary by apo E Phenotype? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Gunderson

Whitmer

Lewis

et al. 2005

Journal of Women's Health

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The Effects of Apolipoprotein E Alleles (ε2, ε3 and ε4) on Plasma Lipid Levels in Middle-aged Subjects

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD

Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in the Japanese Population

Do Long-Term HDL-C Declines Associated with a First Birth Vary by apo E Phenotype? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

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