The effects of artificial sandbar breaching on the macrophyte communities of an intermittently open estuary

The Role of Soil Nutrients in Boundaries between Mangrove and Herbaceous Assemblages in a Tropical Estuary

“…, Ribeiro et al . ). This appears to be true in the lower limit, where salinity is higher and flooding is more frequent, allowing only mangrove species to survive.…”

“…Due to tidal influence, plant zonation in estuaries is generally considered to be related to non-resource drivers (Costa et al 2003, Silvestri et al 2005, Ribeiro et al 2013). This appears to be true in the lower limit, where salinity is higher and flooding is more frequent, allowing only mangrove species to survive.…”

“…In these environments, water/soil salinity and flooding cycles are the main abiotic stressors (Wolanski , Ribeiro et al . , ). Thus, it has been suggested that successful competitors occupy areas with less tidal influence and that they displace stress‐tolerant species to saline/flooding areas (Levine et al .…”

“…. In these environments, water/soil salinity and flooding cycles are the main abiotic stressors (Wolanski 2007, Ribeiro et al 2011, 2013. Thus, it has been suggested that successful competitors occupy areas with less tidal influence and that they displace stress-tolerant species to saline/flooding areas (Levine et al 1998, Crain et al 2004, assuming an inverse relationship between the ability to compete for resources and the ability to tolerate stress (Grime 1977).…”

The effect of competition on Bacopa monnieri zonation in an temporarily open/closed tropical estuary

“…It is also commonly used for freshwater aquariums, in which it can live permanently submerged. In Massaguaçu River Estuary (23 37 0 20 00 S and 45 21 0 25 00 W), a tropical, temporally open/closed estuary (see Ribeiro et al (2013) for breaching cycles description and full species inventory; Ribeiro et al (2011b)) where we performed the present work, B. monnieri forms large monospecific stands near the bar but is absent upstream. Vertically, it occupies deeper (but not the deepest) zones.…”