The Effects of Ash and Black Carbon (Biochar) on Germination of Different Tree Species

Reyes, Otilia; Kaal, Joeri; Arán, Diego; Gago, Raquel; Bernal, Javier; García-Duro, Juan; Basanta, M.

doi:10.4996/fireecology.1101119

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The seeds were incubated in Petri dish with 0.26 g of charcoal (411 kg ha -1 ) per replicate of the corresponding species. Such amount of charcoal is the same as that measured by Ohlson & Tryterud (2000) in boreal forest fires of Scandinavia and in other studies in Spain (Reyes et al 2015b). Ash treatments were ash1 (0.027 g/replicate, 43.5 kg ha -1 ), ash2 (0.055 g/replicate, 87 kg ha -1 ), ash3 (0.11 g/replicate, 174 kg ha -1 ), ash4 (0.275 g/replicate, 435 kg ha -1 ) and ash5 (0.55 g/replicate, 870 kg ha -1 ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Role of serotiny on Pinus pinaster Aiton germination and its relation to mother plant age and fire severity

Cruz¹,

García-Duro²,

Casal³

et al. 2019

iForest

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Serotiny degree may hypothetically depend on mother plant age and fire severity, and fire severity can strongly affect the regeneration of Pinus pinaster Aiton, which is an obligate seeder species with aerial seed banks stocked in cones showing a certain degree of serotiny. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of serotiny and mother plant age on seed germination of P. pinaster in relation to fire severity. For this purpose, cones were collected in two stands from mother trees of different ages. Serotinous cones were opened in oven at increasing temperatures to determine the number of seeds released. The length of cones and the number and weight of seeds were measured. Seeds from both classes of mother plant age were subjected to 34 different treatments simulating different fire severity levels, and their germination was recorded. The results showed that serotiny was significantly higher in cones from young mother trees. Seed germination in the control groups from serotinous cones was always higher than that from non-serotinous cones without thermal shock. Fire severity decreased seed germination as fire severity increases in both mother age classes. Mother plant age was related to the serotiny level, which was higher in young than in old trees, suggesting a strong selection in the population due to a recent fire.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In addition, Ulex charcoal strongly delayed the germination of seeds from Y trees. Other studies revealed negative (Buss & Mašek 2014), neutral (Reyes & Casal 2006) or positive effects of charcoal (Reyes et al 2015b), suggesting that charcoal effect could depend on its nature and on the exposed species.…”

Section: Iforest -Biogeosciences and Forestrymentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of serotiny on Pinus pinaster Aiton germination and its relation to mother plant age and fire severity

Cruz¹,

García-Duro²,

Casal³

et al. 2019

iForest

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“…Similar differences were observed in CWD between burned and harvested areas with most CWD in harvested areas containing small pieces/fragments of wood [29], which are similar to our reclaimed sites. Charring of CWD and the production of black carbon in the midst of fires may also impact the germination of native plants [30], but the response tends to be variable by species. Therefore, quantifying the CWD profile [31] including the species, size, decay class, charring, and more than total volume may allow more subtle differences to be detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse Woody Debris as a Land Reclamation Amendment at an Oil Sands Mining Operation in Boreal Alberta, Canada

Pinno

Gupta

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important component of natural forests and is now being used in reclaiming oil sands land to control erosion, enhance diversity, and function as longer term storage of organic matter. However, the impact of woody debris on reclaimed ecosystems may vary depending on the amount applied and the soil it is applied to. We studied the impact on the plant community (including tree regeneration and understory plants) and soil properties of four levels of CWD cover (None, Low, Moderate, High) on two reclamation soils (forest floor-mineral mix and peat-mineral mix) and natural post-fire soils. Significant differences were observed among soil types in terms of the plant community and soil properties but fewer differences were attributable to CWD. However, overall native plant species' diversity and abundance decreased with High CWD while cover of non-native species on the reclaimed soils greatly decreased with Low CWD. Natural seedling regeneration density of trembling aspen was unaffected by CWD on both reclamation soil types. The soil nutrient supply rates and soil moisture were significantly different among soil types but there were no differences among debris treatments while soil temperature decreased with CWD. Overall, a Low (up to 30% ground cover) woody debris application appears to be optimal for maintaining native plant species diversity and abundance while controlling undesirable plant species.

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“…In other leguminous species, charcoal inhibition of germination was not found either, such as Acacia dealbata Link. and A. melanoxylon [70] or T. angustifolium and R. sphaerocarpa [91]. The charcoal effect seem to depend on the nature of the charcoal [70].…”

Section: Fire Factors Effectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The seeds were incubated in Petri dishes on 0.26 g (411 kg/ha) of charcoal from the corresponding species. This is the equivalent amount of charcoal measured by Ohlson and Tryterud [69] after experimental fires in the boreal forests of Scandinavia and is the dose used in previous works [70].…”

Section: Viability and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Severity Drives the Natural Regeneration of Cytisus scoparius L. (Link) and Salix atrocinerea Brot. Communities and the Germinative Behaviour of These Species

Cruz

García-Duro

Riveiro

et al. 2020

Forests

Self Cite

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Research Highlights: Data indicated that fire severity modulates natural regeneration of Cytisus scoparius and Salix atrocinerea communities and drives much stronger effects on the germination of the dominant species. Background and Objectives: Previous studies demonstrated that fire severity induces different behaviours in plant species. Mother plant age is an important feature that must also be considered in plans of forest restoration. The objectives were to determine, in field studies, the effect of fire severity on the natural regeneration of C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea communities, to know the role of mother plant age on the germination of seeds of C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea, and to quantify their germination response at different levels of fire severity, in laboratory settings. Material and Methods: We have analysed the role of fire severity on the natural regeneration of C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea communities considering cover and height. Forty 30 × 30 m plots were randomly located in C. scoparius and S. atrocinerea communities. Fire severity on the germination of dominant species was tested through different levels of smoke, charcoal, ash, and heat. Results: High severity reduced the vertical cover and growth in height of the two communities and favoured the increase of cover of woody species in the C. scoparius community and herbaceous species in the S. atrocinerea community. Mother plant age determined germination percentages of C. scoparius seeds. Germination of C. scoparius was increased by moderate heat, and heat and smoke; and fire severity greatly reduced germination of S. atrocinerea. Conclusions: The regeneration responses after fire were largely controlled by interactions between the fire severity and the individual species regeneration strategies. For restoration purposes, C. scoparius seeds should be treated with 80 °C and smoke for 10 min, in order to increase germination; however, Salix seeds should be used without treatment and immediately after dispersion.

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The Effects of Ash and Black Carbon (Biochar) on Germination of Different Tree Species

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Role of serotiny on Pinus pinaster Aiton germination and its relation to mother plant age and fire severity

Role of serotiny on Pinus pinaster Aiton germination and its relation to mother plant age and fire severity

Coarse Woody Debris as a Land Reclamation Amendment at an Oil Sands Mining Operation in Boreal Alberta, Canada

Fire Severity Drives the Natural Regeneration of Cytisus scoparius L. (Link) and Salix atrocinerea Brot. Communities and the Germinative Behaviour of These Species

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