The effects of attention and distraction on the contingent negative variation in normal and neurotic subjects

McCallum, W.C.; Walter, W. Grey

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(68)90172-7

Cited by 186 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the case of nicotine, the direction of the effect on the CNV was influenced by the dose and the personality of the subject (Ashton et al, 1973(Ashton et al, , 1974(Ashton et al, , 1975. In the case of diazepam, it may in addition be influenced by the initial level of anxiety which itself influences CNV magnitude (McCallum & Walter, 1968;Timsit-Berthier et al, 1973). In this context it would be interesting to know how much limbic arousal systems (Routhenberg, 1968) as well as reticular arousal systems (Rebert, 1972) contribute to the magnitude of the CNV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Some Physiological and Psychological Effects of Propranolol and Diazepam in Normal Subjects

Ashton

Millman

Telford

et al. 1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1Some central and peripheral effects of orally administered propranolol (60 mg), diazepam (5 mg) and placebo were compared in normal subjects. 2 The central effects measured were changes in magnitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV) and subjective anxiety ratings; the peripheral effects were changes in heart rate, blood pressure, galvanic skin response and hand steadiness. 3 After diazepam there was a decrease in CNV magnitude and in the level of subjective anxiety; there was a slight fall in blood pressure but little change in heart rate. 4 After propranolol, on the other hand, there was no significant change in CNV magnitude or anxiety rating, but a significant fall in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. 5 It is concluded that, at the dosage used, propranolol, unlike diazepam, does not affect the central mechanisms determining CNV magnitude or subjective anxiety. The relationship of this finding to the use of f-adrenergic receptor blockers in clinical anxiety states is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Some Physiological and Psychological Effects of Propranolol and Diazepam in Normal Subjects

Ashton

Millman

Telford

et al. 1976

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…This suggests that movement preparation and decision making for task execution, which depends on cognitive processing, are decreased with a reduction of attention. Several studies (McCallum and Walter, 1968;Tard et al, 2014;Tecce et al, 1976) have suggested that the relation between attention and MRCP magnitude is positive and monotonic. Since in the current study the MRCP amplitude was reduced with an increasing shift in attention, it may serve as a future marker for attentional shifts.…”

Section: Bci For Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of attention alternation on movement-related cortical potentials in healthy individuals and stroke patients

Aliakbaryhosseinabadi

Kostić

Pavlovic

et al. 2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: In this study, we analyzed the influence of artificially imposed attention variations using the auditory oddball paradigm on the cortical activity associated to motor preparation/execution.Methods: EEG signals from Cz and its surrounding channels were recorded during three sets of ankle dorsiflexion movements. Each set was interspersed with either a complex or a simple auditory oddball task for healthy participants and a complex auditory oddball task for stroke patients. Results:The amplitude of the movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) decreased with the complex oddball paradigm, while MRCP variability increased. Both oddball paradigms increased the detection latency significantly (p<0.05) and the complex paradigm decreased the true positive rate (TPR) (p = 0.04).In patients, the negativity of the MRCP decreased while pre-phase variability increased, and the detection latency and accuracy deteriorated with attention diversion. Conclusion:Attention diversion has a significant influence on MRCP features and detection parameters, although these changes were counteracted by the application of the laplacian method.Significance: Brain-computer interfaces for neuromodulation that use the MRCP as the control signal are robust to changes in attention. However, attention must be monitored since it plays a key role in plasticity induction. Here we demonstrate that this can be achieved using the single channel Cz.

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“…These scaling factors were then used to correct the EEG data on line. This approach can actually be carried out in an analog fashion during the recording, by using appropriate electric circuits linking the EOG and EEG channels (Barlow & Remond, 1981;McCallum & Walter, 1968). A problem with most on-line methods is the requirement of calibration trials in which eye movements are made.…”

Section: Time Domain Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with artifacts: The EOG contamination of the event-related brain potential

Gratton

1998

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

122

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Eye movements and blinks represent a major source of artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The origin of this artifact is the large difference in potential that exists between the cornea and the retina. Eye movements and blinks produce shifts of the electric fields that propagate across the whole head and that can be several times larger than the activity generated by the brain, Ocular activity can be monitored by electrodes located near the eyes (electrooculogram, or EOG). The electric fields associated with eye movements and blinks are somewhat different. The simplest procedure for dealing with ocular artifacts is to eliminate trials on which EOG activity is detected (rejection). However, this technique may result in data loss and biased data samples, especially when one is comparing clinical populations or tasks involving large amounts of eye movements, Another approach involves estimation and correction of the ocular artifact on the EEG and ERP traces. Several techniques have been proposed. Some of them are reviewed in the present paper. Issues related to the accuracy of the various techniques, as well as other advantages and limitations, are also discussed. Finally, general guidelines for how to deal with ocular artifacts are proposed. 44The difference in electric potential between the front and the back ofthe eye generates a large dipole-like electric field (electro-oculogram, or EOG) that may interfere with the surface recording ofthe electrical activity of the brain (electroencephalogram, or EEG), If the EOG does not change over time, its effect on the EEG will be a constant. Since the EEG is measured as a change with respect to a baseline value, the effect of a constant EOG is null. Therefore, EOG contamination of the EEG trace occurs whenever the eyes move, or whenever the propagation ofthe EOG to the scalp electrodes varies over time. This type of contamination is labeled EOG artifact, ocular artifact, or eye-movement artifact.The EOG artifact is of great significance in the registration ofEEG and event-related brain potentials (ERPs). In fact, when measured at the scalp, especially at frontal locations close to the eyes, the EOG signal (several hundred microvolts in amplitude) can be several times larger than the brain-generated scalp potentials (typically, less than 50 JiV). Eye movements and blinks (both of which are associated with large EOG artifacts) are very frequent and may occur during the performance of various tasks or as the result of certain types ofstimulations. The frequency and size ofEOG artifacts may vary, depending I would like to thank Monica Fabiani and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Send all correspondence to G. Gratton,

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The effects of attention and distraction on the contingent negative variation in normal and neurotic subjects

Cited by 186 publications

References 11 publications

A Comparison of Some Physiological and Psychological Effects of Propranolol and Diazepam in Normal Subjects

A Comparison of Some Physiological and Psychological Effects of Propranolol and Diazepam in Normal Subjects

Influence of attention alternation on movement-related cortical potentials in healthy individuals and stroke patients

Dealing with artifacts: The EOG contamination of the event-related brain potential

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