The effects of benzo[a]pyrene on leucocyte distribution and antibody response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Phalen, Laura J.; Köllner, Bernd; Leclair, Liane A.; Hogan, Natacha S.; Heuvel, Michael R. van den

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.017

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Finally, the immunomodulating activities of PAHs in fish are well documented, both from field (Arkoosh et al 1998) and laboratory studies (Carlson et al 2004a,b;Reynaud & Deschaux 2005;Bado-Nilles et al 2009;Hogan et al 2010;Phalen et al 2014). PAH effects on lymphocyte proliferation have been described in fish as well (Smith et al 1999;Carlson et al 2002).…”

Section: Pcbs/pahs/other Lipophilic Organic Toxicants (14%)mentioning

confidence: 93%

20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

Rehberger

Werner

Hitzfeld

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Despite frequent field observations of impaired immune response and increased disease incidence in contaminant-exposed wildlife populations, immunotoxic effects are rarely considered in ecotoxicological risk assessment. The aim of this study was to review the literature on immunotoxic effects of chemicals in fish to quantitatively evaluate (i) which experimental approaches were used to assess immunotoxic effects, (ii) whether immune markers exist to screen for potential immunotoxic activities of chemicals, and (iii) how predictive those parameters are for adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence and disease resistance. A total of 241 publications on fish immunotoxicity were quantitatively analyzed. The main conclusions included: (i) To date, fish immunotoxicology focused mainly on innate immune responses and immunosuppressive effects. (ii) In numerous studies, the experimental conditions are poorly documented, as for instance age or sex of the fish or the rationale for the selected exposure conditions is often missing. (iii) Although a broad variety of parameters were used to assess immunotoxicity, the rationale for the choice of measured parameters was often not given, remaining unclear how they link to the suspected immunotoxic mode of action of the chemicals. (iv) At the current state of knowledge, it is impossible to identify a set of immune parameters that could reliably screen for immunotoxic potentials of chemicals. (v) Similarly, in fish immunotoxicology there is insufficient understanding of how and when chemical-induced modulations of molecular/cellular immune changes relate to adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence, although this would be crucial to include immunotoxicity in ecotoxicological risk assessment.

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Section: Pcbs/pahs/other Lipophilic Organic Toxicants (14%)mentioning

confidence: 93%

20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

Rehberger

Werner

Hitzfeld

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly studied toxic compounds due to its toxicity at low and moderate concentrations, and its persistence in the environment (Brandt et al, 2002). Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is considered a high-risk contaminant due to genotoxicity (Mouchet et al, 2005) and ability to induce micronucleus formation in erythrocytes (Fortin et al, 2015), hepatotoxicity (Latif et al, 2010;Regnault et al, 2014Regnault et al, , 2016Pastore et al, 2014), immunotoxicity (Phalen et al, 2014) and also change the patterns of the leukocyte cells (Sorensen, 1991;Sayed, 2015). Because it results from the incomplete combustion of organic matter, it can be present naturally in fires (Zakaria et al, 2002;Ou et al, 2004;Luo et al, 2008;Jiao et al, 2009) or result from anthropogenic action, such as the use of oil products and fossil fuel combustion (Zakaria et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2008;Morillo et al, 2008;Stogiannidis and Laane, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on the blood and liver of Physalaemus cuvieri and Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Fanali

Franco‐Belussi

Bonini-Domingos

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

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Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a bio-accumulative toxic compound found in the atmosphere, water, and soil that may affect the life cycle of amphibians. In this study, a few contamination biomarkers, such as hepatic melanomacrophages (MMs), mast cells, erythrocyte micronuclei (MN) and white blood cells were used to determine how BaP acts in these cells in the anurans Physalaemus cuvieri and Leptodactylus fuscus. Animals of both species were divided into three treatment groups: 1 day, 7 days and 13 days, subcutaneously injected 2 mg/kg BaP diluted in mineral oil and control group with only mineral oil. After 7 days, BaP caused the frequency of MN to increase in both species while reducing melanin area. The micronucleus frequency increased due to the genotoxicity of BaP, while the decreasing melanin area may be related to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, an enzyme responsible for regulating melanogenesis, decreasing the synthesis of melanin. The mast cell density increased in all groups and in both species as a response to the inflammatory action of BaP. These cells respond to nonspecific inflammatory effects leading, therefore, to this response in all treatments. The percentage of leukocytes remained unchanged probably due to great intraspecific variability. Additionally, the leukocyte profiles of both species were characterized and the differences were attributed to extrinsic factors. In short, BaP can affect the integrity of several organs and tissues, and cell functions leading to the conclusion that this compound is hepatotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic for anurans.

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“…Fish were anesthetized with a 2-phenoxyethanol solution (0.2%) and weighed before injection. Choosing of Phe concentration was based on the previous studies on the PAHs toxicological effects on fish [7,8] and reported levels of PAHs in sediment samples from the Persian Gulf [9]. In addition, the dose of Phe, used in the present study, purposed to display an actuated biological response in an acute exposure and a rapid peak in effects.…”

Section: Fish Maintenance and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%