The Effects of Bird Excrements on Copper and Bronze

Balogh, Kristen N.; Slížková, Zuzana; Kreislová, Kateřina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_208

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is commonly seen the birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid (viscous and mucoid) and it doesn't easily dissolve in water (Balogh 2017). Hence its capability to stick onto the PV module glass cover strongly like drops of white plaster.…”

Section: Dropping Cleaning Time (Removal Time Of Bd Components)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic (PV) module using a novel flat plate (NFP) glass cover by reducing the effect of bird dropping (BD) settlement

Mathur

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A massive BDs deposition on the common rectangular at plate (RFP) of photovoltaic (PV) module is a matter of great concern in Western Rajasthan (WR) that diminish the overall energy production capacity of the system remarkably. In this research article, a prototype NFP design of a front glass cover of PV module is proposed to prevent the impact of BD settlement by the restriction of bird's sitting/movement on the front glass cover. In this regard, the performance analysis of PV module with common RFP and newly designed NFP glass covers has been assessed at the different inclination β° (0-90). The BD accumulation onto the both glass cover explored by the optical transmittance pro les at the different tilt angles, i.e., explained by bird movement on each at glass surfaces. Consequently, a signi cant amount of output electric energy has been gained in NFP design rather than RFP corresponding to particular tilt regions TR I (0° ≤ β ≤ 25°), TR II (25° ≤ β ≤ 60°), and TR III (60° ≤ β ≤ 90°). According to the results achieved, an excellent level of improvement in average power loss, ~ 97.85%, corresponding to optimal TR(III) has been detected by employing NFP glass collector.

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Section: Dropping Cleaning Time (Removal Time Of Bd Components)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic (PV) module using a novel flat plate (NFP) glass cover by reducing the effect of bird dropping (BD) settlement

Mathur

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Several systems to exclude or repel pigeons from buildings have been proposed in recent years. These systems are designed to decrease the impact of pigeons on urban structures (Spennemann et al 2017a, b;Balogh et al 2019) and human exposure to zoonotic diseases (Haag-Wackernagel and Moch 2004;Haag-Wackernagel and Bircher 2010), but they could also be effective in controlling pigeon populations by reducing the availability of nest/roost sites. Although deterring/excluding pigeons from buildings is beneficial (Haag-Wackernagel and Geigenfeind 2008), this option is often dismissed because of the high costs of installation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study on the effectiveness of a gel repellent on feral pigeons

et al. 2020

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The presence of feral pigeons ( Columba livia ) in anthropic environments often has a negative impact on human activities, public health and historic buildings. A number of different kind of dissuading devices, including gel repellents, are on the market. However, their efficacy has been rarely rigorously tested. We reported the effect of a recent multi-cue gel formulation (Bird Free®) on free living feral pigeons. In order to assess the efficacy of this product in discouraging the birds from occupying buildings, we conducted tests on both a night and a day roost. In addition, we performed a test on sites potentially suitable for nesting, in order to assess how pigeons reacted to the installation of the product just on the small area that can be occupied by a single nest. The tested product totally abolished the presence of feral pigeons at the night roost, and significantly reduced for at least one year their presence on the day roost area, compared to the control treatment. In addition, we observed that pigeons are discouraged from building their nests on sites treated with Bird Free® for at least three months. Our results indicate that Bird Free® is an effective method for reducing the location-specific impact of pigeons on buildings. The local effect of the product, strictly limited to the treated area, makes Bird Free® not suitable for large scale pigeon management programs aimed at reducing the carrying capacity of urban environment by lowering nest and roost sites availability.

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Performance Enhancement of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Module Using a Novel Flat Plate (NFP) Glass Cover by Reducing the Effect of Bird Dropping (BD) Settlement

Ak¹,

Rk²

2021

Preprint

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A massive BDs deposition on the common rectangular flat plate (RFP) of photovoltaic (PV) module is a matter of great concern in Western Rajasthan (WR) that diminish the overall energy production capacity of the system remarkably. In this research article, a prototype NFP design of a front glass cover of PV module is proposed to prevent the impact of BD settlement by the restriction of bird’s sitting/movement on the front glass cover. In this regard, the performance analysis of PV module with common RFP and newly designed NFP glass covers has been assessed at the different inclination β° (0- 90). The BD accumulation onto the both glass cover explored by the optical transmittance profiles at the different tilt angles, i.e., explained by bird movement on each flat glass surfaces. Consequently, a significant amount of output electric energy has been gained in NFP design rather than RFP corresponding to particular tilt regions TR I (0° ≤ β ≤ 25°), TR II (25° ≤ β ≤ 60°), and TR III (60° ≤ β ≤ 90°). According to the results achieved, an excellent level of improvement in average power loss, ~ 97.85%, corresponding to optimal TR(III) has been detected by employing NFP glass collector.

show abstract

The Effects of Bird Excrements on Copper and Bronze

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic (PV) module using a novel flat plate (NFP) glass cover by reducing the effect of bird dropping (BD) settlement

Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic (PV) module using a novel flat plate (NFP) glass cover by reducing the effect of bird dropping (BD) settlement

An experimental study on the effectiveness of a gel repellent on feral pigeons

Performance Enhancement of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Module Using a Novel Flat Plate (NFP) Glass Cover by Reducing the Effect of Bird Dropping (BD) Settlement

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