The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

Plant, Ewan P.; Eick-Cost, Angelia A; Ezzeldin, Hussein; Sánchez, José L.; Ye, Zhiping; Cooper, Michael J.

doi:10.3390/vaccines6030039

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In humans, antibody titers are traditionally measured with the HAI assay that tests the ability of antibody to prevent agglutination of red blood cells by influenza virus. 24 Similar to some previous studies that reported no differences between males and females in HAI titers following receipt of seasonal TIV, 25,26 male–female differences were not observed among either adult or aged individuals in either HAI seroconversion (Fig. 1b) or seroconversion rate (i.e., the proportion of individuals with post-vaccination titers that were at least 4-fold higher than pre-vaccination titers, Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Age-associated changes in the impact of sex steroids on influenza vaccine responses in males and females

et al. 2019

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Vaccine-induced immunity declines with age, which may differ between males and females. Using human sera collected before and 21 days after receipt of the monovalent A/Cal/09 H1N1 vaccine, we evaluated cytokine and antibody responses in adult (18–45 years) and aged (65+ years) individuals. After vaccination, adult females developed greater IL-6 and antibody responses than either adult males or aged females, with female antibody responses being positively associated with concentrations of estradiol. To test whether protection against influenza virus challenge was greater in females than males, we primed and boosted adult (8–10 weeks) and aged (68–70 weeks) male and female mice with an inactivated A/Cal/09 H1N1 vaccine or no vaccine and challenged with a drift variant A/Cal/09 virus. As compared with unvaccinated mice, vaccinated adult, but not aged, mice experienced less morbidity and better pulmonary viral clearance following challenge, regardless of sex. Vaccinated adult female mice developed antibody responses that were of greater quantity and quality and more protective than vaccinated adult males. Sex differences in vaccine efficacy diminished with age in mice. To determine the role of sex steroids in vaccine-induced immune responses, adult mice were gonadectomized and hormones (estradiol in females and testosterone in males) were replaced in subsets of animals before vaccination. Vaccine-induced antibody responses were increased in females by estradiol and decreased in males by testosterone. The benefit of elevated estradiol on antibody responses and protection against influenza in females is diminished with age in both mice and humans.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Age-associated changes in the impact of sex steroids on influenza vaccine responses in males and females

et al. 2019

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“…For example, the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic was unusual: mortality was lower in the elderly when compared to usual influenza outbreak trends, and higher mortality was observed in young and middle-aged adults [ 10 ]. Protection against the pandemic IAV strain has been well described in older cohorts due to prior exposure to antigenically related strains, either from natural infection or from those immunized against the 1976 New Jersey A(H1N1) virus, a finding that supports the imprinting phenomenon [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. A retrospective study by Flannery et al examined data from the Flu VE Network study and demonstrated that patients’ initial infections with specific A(H1N1) virus clades influenced vaccine efficacy after exposure to A(H1N1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Imprinting and Repeated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination on Adaptive Immunity after Influenza Vaccination

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: The influenza virus continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. The overall efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination is suboptimal, which is partly due to host immune factors. The effects of imprinting and repeated seasonal influenza vaccination were investigated to assess for immune factors and mechanisms that impact influenza vaccine responses. (2) Methods: Twenty participants were enrolled into a prospective pilot study based on birth cohort and seasonal influenza immunization history. Immunologic parameters were assessed over a six-month period after the seasonal influenza vaccine was administered. (3) Results: There was no significant imprinting effect, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) fold change, HAI geometric mean titer (GMT) for Day 29 or Day 180 post-vaccination and antigen- specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) for Day 8 post-vaccination. Individuals who had minimal prior seasonal influenza vaccination had a higher magnitude ASC response and a higher HAI fold change post-vaccination than individuals who were repeatedly vaccinated. (4) Conclusions: Repeated seasonal influenza vaccination resulted in a decreased fold change of the immune response, although individuals in this cohort tended to have high HAI titers at baseline that persisted after vaccination. Imprinting effects were not observed in this cohort. These host immune factors should be considered in the development of universal influenza vaccines. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03686514

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“…The other three samples were from service members who received a LAIV in the 2010/11 season and an IVV in the 2011/12 season, each vaccine containing the B/Brisbane/60/2008 antigen (BR60) ( Tables 1 and 2). The HAI titers to the Victoria lineage vaccine antigens (taken from [25]) are shown in Table 1 along with titers toward the contemporary B/CO virus. The titers toward B/CO were lower but there was a correlation with the vaccine antigen titers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sera were from military personnel that had received at least two vaccinations. Three sera samples were collected in 2003 from recipients of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IVV) containing the B/Hong Kong/330/01 antigen, and three sera samples were collected in 2011 from recipients of a live attenuated influenza vaccine in 2010 and an inactivated influenza vaccine in 2011, both containing the B/Brisbane/60/2008 antigen [25]. Sera from individuals with different antibody titers (10, 40, and 320) to the respective vaccine antigens were selected to test whether the titers were important for antibody escape.…”

Section: Sera Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Pressure on Polymorphous Influenza B Populations Results in Diverse Hemagglutinin Escape Mutants and Lineage Switching

et al. 2020

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Mutations arise in the genomes of progeny viruses during infection. Mutations that occur in epitopes targeted by host antibodies allow the progeny virus to escape the host adaptive, B-cell mediated antibody immune response. Major epitopes have been identified in influenza B virus (IBV) hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, IBV strains maintain a seasonal presence in the human population and changes in IBV genomes in response to immune pressure are not well characterized. There are two lineages of IBV that have circulated in the human population since the 1980s, B-Victoria and B-Yamagata. It is hypothesized that early exposure to one influenza subtype leads to immunodominance. Subsequent seasonal vaccination or exposure to new subtypes may modify subsequent immune responses, which, in turn, results in selection of escape mutations in the viral genome. Here we show that while some mutations do occur in known epitopes suggesting antibody escape, many mutations occur in other parts of the HA protein. Analysis of mutations outside of the known epitopes revealed that these mutations occurred at the same amino acid position in viruses from each of the two IBV lineages. Interestingly, where the amino acid sequence differed between viruses from each lineage, reciprocal amino acid changes were observed. That is, the virus from the Yamagata lineage become more like the Victoria lineage virus and vice versa. Our results suggest that some IBV HA sequences are constrained to specific amino acid codons when viruses are cultured in the presence of antibodies. Some changes to the known antigenic regions may also be restricted in a lineage-dependent manner. Questions remain regarding the mechanisms underlying these results. The presence of amino acid residues that are constrained within the HA may provide a new target for universal vaccines for IBV.

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The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Age-associated changes in the impact of sex steroids on influenza vaccine responses in males and females

Age-associated changes in the impact of sex steroids on influenza vaccine responses in males and females

The Effects of Imprinting and Repeated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination on Adaptive Immunity after Influenza Vaccination

Immune Pressure on Polymorphous Influenza B Populations Results in Diverse Hemagglutinin Escape Mutants and Lineage Switching

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