The effects of breast reduction on pulmonary functions: A systematic review

Torresetti, Matteo; Zuccatosta, Lina; Benedetto, Giovanni Di

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.068

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…These participants, however, do not represent the broad diversity of women globally that participate in exercise and wear sports bras. Breast size is an important factor that potentially affects how apparel interacts with respiratory mechanics (32). The additional chest mass of larger-breasted women may necessitate more muscular work to create the pressure gradient between the lungs and the external environment for inspiration to occur.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Bra Restriction on Respiratory Mechanics during Exercise

KIPP,

LEAHY,

SHEEL

2024

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Women perform exercise in sports bras to limit breast motion. However, as the breasts become restricted, respiratory function may become compromised. Purpose We set out to understand how underband tightness or pressure of a sports bra relates to respiratory function and the mechanical work of breathing ( during exercise. Our secondary purpose was to quantify the effects of underband pressure on O2 during submaximal running. Methods Nine highly trained, female runners with normal pulmonary function completed maximal and submaximal running in three levels of underband restriction: loose, self-selected, and tight. Results During maximal exercise, we observed a significantly greater during the tight condition (350 ± 78 J/min) compared to the loose condition (301 ± 78 J/min; p < 0.05), and a 5% increase in minute ventilation ( ) during the tight condition compared to the loose condition (p < 0.05). The pattern of breathing also differed between the two conditions; the greater maximal during the tight condition was achieved by a higher breathing frequency (57 ± 6 vs. 52 ± 7 breaths/min; p < 0.05), despite tidal volume being significantly lower in the tight condition compared to the loose condition (1.97 ± 0.20 vs. 2.05 ± 0.23 L; p < 0.05). During steady-state submaximal running, O2 increased 1.3 ± 1.1% (range: -0.3 to 3.2%, p < 0.05) in the tight condition compared to the loose condition. Conclusions Respiratory function may become compromised by the pressure exerted by the underband of a sports bra when women self-select their bra size. In the current study, loosening the underband pressure resulted in a decreased work of breathing, changed the ventilatory breathing pattern to deeper, less frequent breaths, and decreased submaximal oxygen uptake (improved running economy). Our findings suggest sports bra underbands can impair breathing mechanics during exercise and influence whole-body metabolic rate.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Bra Restriction on Respiratory Mechanics during Exercise

KIPP,

LEAHY,

SHEEL

2024

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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The Impact of Reduction Mammaplasty on Breast Sensation: A Systematic Review

Torresetti

Andrenelli

Peltristo

et al. 2023

Aesthetic Surgery Journal

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The loss of sensation is one of the most fearsome complications of breast reduction surgery. Although several techniques have been proposed to maximize sensitivity preservation, the scientific literature still conveys contradictory findings. This systematic review aims to assess whether breast reduction mammaplasty is associated with measurable changes in breast sensation. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed (National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD), Scopus (Elsevier; Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Web of Science (Clarivate; Philadelphia, PA) databases were queried in search of clinical studies investigating breast sensation after breast reduction mammaplasty. The initial search identified 1523 studies of which 22 articles met our specific inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies are consistent in describing only transient sensation decrease or even sensation improvement after surgery compared to the pre-surgery condition with any approach, except those investigating outcomes after superior or superolateral pedicle reduction mammaplasty. Nevertheless, the overall quality of evidence is low or very low due to the limited availability of randomized controlled trials or controlled studies and the high risk of bias.

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The effects of breast reduction on pulmonary functions: A systematic review

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Sports Bra Restriction on Respiratory Mechanics during Exercise

Sports Bra Restriction on Respiratory Mechanics during Exercise

The Impact of Reduction Mammaplasty on Breast Sensation: A Systematic Review

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