The effects of bromazepam over the central and frontal areas during a motor task: an EEG study

Abstract

The present study investigates the influence of bromazepam while executing a motor task. Specifically, we intend to analyze the changes in alpha absolute power under two experimental conditions, bromazepam and placebo. We also included analyses of theta and beta frequencies. We collected electroencephalographic data before, during, and after motor task execution. We used a Two Way ANOVA to investigate the condition (PL × Br6 mg) and moment (pre and post) variables for the following electrodes: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, C3, CZ and C4. We found a main effect for condition on the electrodes FP1, F7, F3, Fz, F4, C3 and CZ, for alpha and beta bands. For beta band we also found a main effect for condition on the electrodes Fp2, F8 and C4; for theta band we identified a main effect for condition on C3, Cz and C4 electrodes. This finding suggests that the motor task did not have any influence on the electrocortical activity in alpha, and that the existing modifications were a consequence due merely to the drug use. Despite its anxiolytic and sedative action, bromazepam did not show any significant changes when the individuals executed a finger extension motor task.Keywords: bromazepam, electroencephalography, sensorimotor integration, absolute alpha power, motor task. RESUMOO presente estudo investiga a influência do bromazepam durante a execução de uma tarefa motora. Especificamente, pretende-se analisar as mudanças na potência absoluta de alfa sob duas condições experimentais, bromazepam e placebo. Nós também incluí-mos as analises das frequências teta e beta. Foram coletados dados eletroencefalográficos antes, durante e depois da execução da tarefa motora. Usamos uma Anova de 2 fatores para investigar a condição (PL × Br6 mg) e variáveis no momento (pré e pós) para os seguintes eletrodos: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, C3, C4 e CZ. Encontramos um efeito principal para a condição e eletrodos FP1, F7, F3, Fz, F4, C3 e CZ para alfa e beta. Para beta também foi encontrado um efeito principal para condição nos eletrodos Fp2, F8 e C4; para theta nós identificamos um efeito principal para condition em C3, Cz e C4. Este achado sugere que a tarefa motora não tem qualquer influência sobre a atividade eletrocortical alfa e que as modificações existentes foram uma consequência devido o uso de drogas. Apesar de sua ação ansiolítica e sedativa, o bromazepam não apresentou mudança significativa quando os indivíduos executaram uma tarefa motora.Palavras-chave: bromazepam, eletroencefalografia, integração sensório-motora, potência absoluta alfa.

Dopaminergic drugs alter beta coherence during motor imagery and motor execution in healthy adults

“…We aimed to investigate and compare electrocortical oscillations in healthy subjects during imagination, observation and execution of a finger movement, under the influence of methylphenidate and risperidone ( Figure 5). The beta rhythm is commonly observed in the somatosensory and motor cortex mapping 22,23 . The EEG coherence is considered an index of functional cortico-cortical connections.…”

“…Therefore, this variation can be identified by the quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) [6][7][8] . Beta band (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) Hz) oscillations seem to originate largely in the primary motor cortex, and this activity has been associated with the movement control and sensorimotor integration processes 5,9 . The coherence function is a measure that can be used to identify electrocortical alterations caused by movements 10 . This function has also been used to recognize the relation in the electrical activity of the brain between two regions, which is useful to observe the connectivity between them 11 .…”

Benzodiazepines: Their Use either as Essential Medicines or as Toxics Substances

“…Among the adverse effects is that it can cause drowsiness [87] Bromazepam Bromazepam is a BDZ used clinically as anxiolytic [88][89][90] Dexmedetomidine is a pharmacological option as an anxiolytic to bromazepam [91] Studies on psychiatric patients suggest that it is better as anxiolytic than diazepam and lorazepam [88]. In addition, it does not produce negative effects on cognitive and motor response [92,93]. Its main point again is that it produces dependency [94] Midazolam Midazolam is used for the treatment of the epileptic state [95] and as a sedative [96] For the treatment of epilepsy, Sodium Valproate, Cannabidiol, Ethosuximide, Lamotrigine, among others, can also be used [97] The use of Midazolam for the treatment of epilepsy is associated with a shorter seizure duration [95].…”

Bromazepam changes performance during target shooting but does not affect the interhemispheric coupling in the theta rhythm of the electroencephalography

“…The sample consisted of 60 male subjects, right-handed and healthy, aged between 20 and 30 years. There were two conditions: control (placebo) and experimental (bromazepam-6mg), and subjects were prohibited from using any substance that inhibits or stimulates brain activity (for example, tobacco, coffee, alcohol, caffeine-containing foods, or medications) 14h before or during the study period (Fortunato et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2018). All subjects underwent a medical evaluation to exclude those with neurological or movement disorders that impair task performance, and any contraindications to intake of bromazepam.…”