The effects of buccal administration of azaperone on the sedation level and biochemical variables of weaned piglets

Svoboda, Martin; Fajt, Zdeněk; Mruvčinská, Michaela; Vašek, Jan; Blahová, Jana

doi:10.2754/avb202190010047

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The short-term effect may be limiting, for example, during prolonged transport or when used to reduce aggression and fighting between piglets after weaning (Tan and Shackleton 1990). Based on our previous study (Svoboda et al 2021), we hypothesised the possibility of achieving more effective and prolonged sedation in pigs by the oral administration of increased doses of azaperone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mestorino et al (2013) showed that after the oral administration of azaperone, the concentration of azaperone in the analysed tissues did not exceed the maximum residue limit set by the EU. In our previous study (Svoboda et al 2021), we found that the oral administration of azaperone at a dose of 2 mg/kg orally induces sedation in piglets, but to obtain a clinically comparable sedation with an injection (2 mg/kg i.m. ), it is necessary to use a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

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Efficacy and safety of higher oral doses of azaperone to achieve sedation in pigs

Svoboda¹,

Blahová²,

Hostovsky³

et al. 2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of achieving more effective and prolonged sedation in pigs by the oral administration of increased doses of azaperone and to evaluate its safety. This was performed through a prospective randomised and double blinded study. A total of 32 weaned piglets were divided into 4 groups (8 in each group). Group A was given 1 ml of saline orally and served as the control group. Group B received azaperone orally at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. Group C received azaperone orally at a dose of 8 mg/kg b.w. Group D was given azaperone orally at a dose of 12 mg/kg b.w. The response to the defined stimulus, movement level, degree of salivation, body temperature, respiratory frequency, blood plasma azaperone concentration and biochemical variables were included in the trial. We found that by increasing the dose of the orally administered azaperone, the onset of the sedation is faster, the end of the sedation starts later and the sedation time is longer. However, the use of higher doses of oral azaperone is not suitable for piglets because the doses negatively affect the respiratory rate, body temperature, some biochemical parameters and cause the immobility of the piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Efficacy and safety of higher oral doses of azaperone to achieve sedation in pigs

Svoboda¹,

Blahová²,

Hostovsky³

et al. 2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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show abstract

“…Azaperone given alone by intramuscular route has a rapid onset of action (5-10 min) with a duration of action of 2-6 hours (maximal effects within 30 min), while intravenous injection often results in excitation [9]. Oral or intranasal administration of azaperone at a dose of 4 mg/kg induces sedation in piglets clinically comparable with an intramuscular administration of 2 mg/kg [38,39]. Deeper sedation with fewer adverse effects can be achieved by combining azaperone with ketamine and butorphanol [22,29] or azaperone with ketamine and an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist [30].…”

Section: Sedation and Premedicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Preprint

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Anesthesia ensures the welfare of the animal, enables safe and effective procedures, and allows accurate data collection [1]. In clinical veterinary practice, proper training and expertise in anesthesia administration and monitoring are essential. Pigs are commonly used in medical and scientific research as models for studying various aspects of human health, physiology, and disease due to their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans [2–4]. Pigs are suitable experimental animals for many surgery techniques because they are similar in size to humans and have a short reproductive cycle. This makes them ideal for research concerning organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, and other procedures that require a large animal model. Pigs also have a similar anatomy to humans, which makes them a good choice for studying diseases and developing new treatments [5]. Sedation and premedication should be administered at the lowest dose to be effective with predictable results and reduced adverse effects, to ensure the safety of both the animal and the team involved in the procedure, with a fast onset and optimizing the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The goal of induction is to achieve a safe and effective level of anesthesia that ensures the patient's safety and facilitates the research. Most of the time, inhalation anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is the ideal choice for maintenance., allowing efficient anesthetic management. The difficulties related to the endotracheal intubation of pigs can be overcome by knowing the anatomical peculiarities related to the species and the multiple methods cited in the literature. Effective analgesia tailored to the specific procedure, the pig's condition, and individual responses to medications should complete the maintenance and recovery protocols, reducing perioperative complications.

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“…Azaperone given alone by the intramuscular route has a rapid onset of action (5-20 min) with a duration of action of 2-6 h (maximal effects within 30 min), while intravenous injection often results in excitation [9]. Oral or intranasal administration of azaperone at a dose of 4 mg/kg induces sedation in piglets that is clinically comparable to an intramuscular administration of 2 mg/kg [38,39]. Deeper sedation with fewer adverse effects can be achieved by combining azaperone with ketamine and butorphanol [22,29] or azaperone with ketamine and an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist [30,40].…”

Section: Butyrophenonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In clinical veterinary practice, proper training and expertise in anesthesia administration and monitoring are essential. Pigs are suitable experimental animals for many surgical techniques because they are similar in size to humans and have a short reproductive cycle. This makes them ideal for research concerning organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, and other procedures that require a large animal model. Sedation and premedication should be administered at the lowest dose to be effective with predictable results and reduced adverse effects, to ensure the safety of both the animal and the team involved in the procedure, with a fast onset and optimizing the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The goal of induction is to achieve a safe and effective level of anesthesia that ensures patient safety and facilitates research. Most of the time, inhalation anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is the ideal choice for maintenance of anesthesia. The difficulties related to endotracheal intubation of pigs can be overcome by knowing the anatomical peculiarities. Effective analgesia tailored to the specific procedure, the pig’s condition, and individual responses to medications should complete the maintenance and recovery protocols, reducing perioperative complications.

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The effects of buccal administration of azaperone on the sedation level and biochemical variables of weaned piglets

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Efficacy and safety of higher oral doses of azaperone to achieve sedation in pigs

Efficacy and safety of higher oral doses of azaperone to achieve sedation in pigs

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

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