The effects of cannabidiol on immune function and health parameters in senior horses

Turner, Shelley; Knych, Heather K.; Adams, Amanda A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110549

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…Initial scientific reports of CBD application in horses described the treatment of mechanical allodynia, second intention wound healing and treatment for stereotypic behavior such as crib-biting (24)(25)(26)(27). Subsequent studies started to analyze the pharmacokinetic properties of cannabinoids in horses and some studies reported positive therapeutic effects particularly for the treatment of chronic degenerative pain in horses (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic modelling of orally administered cannabidiol and implications for medication control in horses

et al. 2023

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Cannabidiol (CBD) products gain increasing popularity amongst animal owners and veterinarians as an alternative remedy for treatment of stress, inflammation or pain in horses. Whilst the use of cannabinoids is banned in equine sports, there is limited information available concerning CBD detection times in blood or urine. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD following oral administration in the horse to assist doping control laboratories with interpreting CBD analytical results. Part 1: dose escalation study: Single oral administration of three escalating doses of CBD paste (0.2 mg/kg, n = 3 horses; 1 mg/kg, n = 3; 3 mg/kg, n = 5) with >7 days wash-out periods in between. Part 2: multiple dose study: oral administration of CBD paste (3 mg/kg, n = 6) twice daily for 15 days. Multiple blood and urine samples were collected daily throughout both studies. Following study part 2, blood and urine samples were collected for 2 weeks to observe the elimination phase. Concentrations of CBD, its metabolites and further cannabinoids were evaluated using gas-chromatography/tandem-mass-spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed via two approaches: population pharmacokinetic analysis using a nonlinear mixed-effects model and non-compartmental analysis. AUC0–12 h and Cmax were tested for dose proportionality. During the elimination phase, the CBD steady-state urine to serum concentration ratio (Rss) was calculated. Oral CBD medication was well-tolerated in horses. Based on population pharmacokinetics, a three-compartment model with zero-order absorption most accurately described the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD. High volumes of distribution into peripheral compartments and high concentrations of 7-carboxy-CBD were observed in serum. Non-compartmental analysis identified a Cmax of 12.17 ± 2.08 ng/mL after single administration of CBD (dose: 3 mg/kg). AUC0–12 h showed dose proportionality, increase for Cmax leveled off at higher doses. Following multiple doses, the CBD terminal half-life was 161.29 ± 43.65 h in serum. Rss was 4.45 ± 1.04. CBD is extensively metabolized and shows high volumes of tissue distribution with a resulting extended elimination phase. Further investigation of the potential calming and anti-inflammatory effects of CBD are required to determine cut-off values for medication control using the calculated Rss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic modelling of orally administered cannabidiol and implications for medication control in horses

et al. 2023

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Endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in the main species of veterinary interest: a comparative review

Di Salvo,

Chiaradia,

Sforna

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system and due to the empirical evidence of the therapeutic effects on several illnesses both in humans and animals that follow the administration of exogenous cannabinoids (i.e., phytocannabinoids), numerous studies have been conducted. These investigations aimed to identify the expression and distribution of cannabinoid receptors in healthy and pathologic organs and tissues of different animal species and to define the interactions of phytocannabinoids with these receptors. In the last decade, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and tolerability of many Cannabis derivatives formulations, mainly containing cannabidiol, in the main species of veterinary interest, have been also investigated. This manuscript summarizes the findings reported by the scientific studies published so far on the molecular mode of action of the main phytocannabinoids, the localization of cannabinoid receptors in organs and tissues, as well as the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and tolerability of Cannabis derivatives in dogs, cats, horses and other species of veterinary interest. A deep knowledge of these issues is crucial for the use of phytocannabinoids for therapeutic purposes in animal species.

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Exploring the untapped potential of cannabis in veterinary pharmacology, medicine, and beyond

Gari,

Sharma,

Meena

et al. 2024

Cannabis and Derivatives

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The effects of cannabidiol on immune function and health parameters in senior horses

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Pharmacokinetic modelling of orally administered cannabidiol and implications for medication control in horses

Pharmacokinetic modelling of orally administered cannabidiol and implications for medication control in horses

Endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in the main species of veterinary interest: a comparative review

Exploring the untapped potential of cannabis in veterinary pharmacology, medicine, and beyond

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