The effects of carnitine supplementation on clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Mohammad, Abolfathi; Yusof, Barakatun Nisak Mohd; Hanipah, Zubaidah Nor; Redzwan, S. Mohd; Yusof, Loqman Mohamad; Khosroshahi, Mohammad Zeinali

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102273

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, the serum lipids, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins LDL cholesterol, were reported to remain unchanged with L-carnitine supplementation in other studies [ 70 , 71 ]. Contradicted results on lipid parameters of various human diseases upon L-carnitine supplementation have also been reported, suggesting underlying conditions that can complicate the interpretation [ 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model

et al. 2020

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The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Carnipure® Tartrate (CT) supplementation with or without exercise on endurance capacity, recovery, and fatigue by assessing time to exhaustion as well as body weight and composition in rats. In addition, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathioneperoxidase; GSHPx) activities. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups including seven rats each. A control group did not receive CT nor exercise. Another control group received 200 mg/kg CT without exercise. The other six groups of rats went through an exercise regimen consisting of a 5-day training period with incremental exercise capacity, which was followed by 6 weeks of the run at 25 m/min for 45 min every day. CT was supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg per day during the 6 weeks. Rats submitted to exercise and supplemented with CT had a significant and dose-dependent increase in time to exhaustion and this effect seems to be independent of exercise (p < 0.05). Additionally, recovery and fatigue were improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent decrease in myoglobin and lactic acid plasma levels, which are two markers of muscle recovery. CT supplementation led to a dose-response decrease in body weight and visceral fat. These effects become significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses (p < 0.05). Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was improved, as shown by a significant and dose-dependent increase in SOD, CAT, and GSHPx. Serum MDA concentrations decreased in exercising rats with CT supplementation. CT supplementation led to a decrease in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations with the lowest levels observed at 400 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). These effects correlated with a significant dose-dependent increase in serum total L-carnitine, free L-carnitine, and acetyl-carnitine, which linked the observed efficacy to CT supplementation. These results demonstrate that CT supplementation during exercise provides benefits on exercise performance, recovery, and fatigue as well as improved the lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. The lowest dose leads to some of these effects seen in rats where 25 mg/kg corresponds to 250 mg/day as a human equivalent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model

et al. 2020

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“…L-carnitine, the only biologically active form of carnitine, has been one of the most widely studied molecules for the treatment of NAFLD. Several meta-analyses showed that L-carnitine supplementation improved steatosis and NASH ( 67 ) and carnitine supplementation in NAFLD patients could reduce AST, ALT, TG, and HOMA-IR ( 95 ). In yet another meta-analysis, L-carnitine supplementation was found to significantly improve the circulating levels of ALT, AST, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), which may have a positive impact on liver function ( 96 ).…”

Section: Treatment Of Nafld With L-carnitine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update

Zhao

2021

Front. Med.

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Carnitine is an amino acid-derived substance that coordinates a wide range of biological processes. Such functions include transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, regulation of acetyl-CoA/CoA, control of inter-organellar acyl traffic, and protection against oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that carnitine plays an important role in several diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its effect is still controversial, and its mechanism is not clear. Herein, this review provides current knowledge on the biological functions of carnitine, the “multiple hit” impact of carnitine on the NAFLD progression, and the downstream mechanisms. Based on the “multiple hit” hypothesis, carnitine inhibits β-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. L-carnitine may have therapeutic role in liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the prospects of L-carnitine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD and related diseases, and the factors limiting its widespread use.

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“…In addition, several works have reported that LC ameliorates NAFLD condition decreases lipid accumulation and prevents NAFLD-induced heart dysfunction. The possible mechanism of this LC action is related to its ability to activate redox-signaling pathways, promoting mitochondrial activities and AMPK signaling [200,201]. In confirmation of the AMPK role in LC action, our group recently demonstrated that LC supplementation mitigates liver steatosis induced by fructose, activating AMPK and consequently increasing anti-oxidative cellular response [202].…”

Section: From Caloric Restriction To Cr-related Nutrients: L-carnitinementioning

confidence: 90%

Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction

Senesi

Ferrulli

Luzi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated and represent a key public health problem worldwide. An excess of adipose tissue, NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis establish a vicious circle that leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is the most promising nutritional approach capable of improving cardiometabolic health. However, adherence to CR represents a barrier to patients and is the primary cause of therapeutic failure. To overcome this problem, many different nutraceutical strategies have been designed. Based on several data that have shown that CR action is mediated by AMPK/SIRT1 activation, several nutraceutical compounds capable of activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent data on the possible role of berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, and L-carnitine as CR-related nutrients. Additionally, we discuss the limitations related to the use of these nutrients in the management of T2DM and CVD.

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The effects of carnitine supplementation on clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model

A Dose-Dependent Effect of Carnipure® Tartrate Supplementation on Endurance Capacity, Recovery, and Body Composition in an Exercise Rat Model

Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update

Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction

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