The Effects of Categorically Based Expectations on Minority Influence: The Importance of Congruence

Phillips, Katherine W.

doi:10.1177/0146167202238367

Cited by 154 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

162

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, research on group diversity suggests that looking different from others in a group might increase a member's influence. When a person is different from other teammates, he or she is expected to have different knowledge or perspectives to add to the group, and, if that person speaks up, others are more receptive than they would be to a similar group member [27,28]. This biased attention to status and categorical cues that are unrelated to expertise and should be irrelevant can lead to undue influence for some members while leaving relevant knowledge of members with low status or from certain subgroups less likely to be considered and, therefore, less likely to influence the group's work.…”

Section: Expertise Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Teamwork in Health Care: Maximizing Collective Intelligence via Inclusive Collaboration and Open Communication

Mayo¹,

Woolley

2016

AMA Journal of Ethics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Teams offer the potential to achieve more than any person could achieve working alone; yet, particularly in teams that span professional boundaries, it is critical to capitalize on the variety of knowledge, skills, and abilities available. This article reviews research from the field of organizational behavior to shed light on what makes for a collectively intelligent team. In doing so, we highlight the importance of moving beyond simply including smart people on a team to thinking about how those people can effectively coordinate and collaborate. In particular, we review the importance of two communication processes: ensuring that team members with relevant knowledge (1) speak up when one's expertise can be helpful and (2) influence the team's work so that the team does its collective best for the patient. The Promise and Challenge of Team-Based Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration in Health CareAcross health care, there is an increasing reliance on teams from a variety of specialties (e.g., nursing, physician specialties, physical therapy, social work) to care for patients. At the same time, medical error is estimated to be "the third most common cause of death in the US" [1], and teamwork failures (e.g., failures in communication) account for up to 70-80 percent of serious medical errors [2][3][4][5]. The shift to providing care in teams is well founded given the potential for improved performance that comes with teamwork [6], but, as demonstrated by these grave statistics, teamwork does not come without challenges. Consequently, there is a critical need for health care professionals, particularly those in leadership roles, to consider strategies for improving team-based approaches to providing quality patient care.Teams offer the promise to improve clinical care because they can aggregate, modify, combine, and apply a greater amount and variety of knowledge in order to make decisions, solve problems, generate ideas, and execute tasks more effectively and efficiently than any individual working alone [6]. Given this potential, a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals could ideally work together to determine diagnoses,

show abstract

Section: Expertise Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Teamwork in Health Care: Maximizing Collective Intelligence via Inclusive Collaboration and Open Communication

Mayo¹,

Woolley

2016

AMA Journal of Ethics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This greater focus on being accepted and getting along (i.e., having social goals) with in-group members manifests itself in a number of ways. For instance, individuals prefer to work with (Jackson 1992), are more committed to (Doosje et al 2002), are more socially integrated with (O'Reilly et al 1989), want friendlier interactions with (Hornsey et al 2002;Moscovici 1980Moscovici , 1985, and expect more agreement from (Phillips 2003;Phillips and Loyd 2006) in-group than out-group members. Taken together, this suggests that individuals will be more relationship focused with in-group versus out-group members.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Social Category Diversity Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When you anticipate interacting with a group, if you know that even one person agrees with you, you may defer the responsibility of defending the position to the other party. Past research by Phillips and her colleagues examining the influence of congruence on group decision-making may be an appropriate framework and paradigm through which to test these ideas (e.g., Phillips 2003;Phillips et al 2009;Phillips and Loyd 2006;Phillips et al 2004). …”

Section: Relationship Focus Tradeoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agreement from another individual confirms one's belief in one's own opinion, leading to a low likelihood that the joint decision will differ from the individual decisions (e.g., Brodbeck et al 2002;Matz and Wood 2005;Stasser and Stewart 1992). Furthermore, individuals find agreement more pleasing than disagreement, even when this agreement comes from an unexpected source (e.g., Phillips 2003;Taylor 1968). Thus, the context of disagreement creates conflict and holds the potential to threaten the building or maintenance of a positive relationship which is a central part of our model.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Social Category Diversity Promotes Premeeting Elaboration: The Role of Relationship Focus

Loyd

Wang

Phillips

et al. 2013

Organization Science

Self Cite

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A purported downside of social category diversity is decreased relationship focus (i.e., one’s focus on establishing a positive social bond with a coworker). However, we argue that this lack of relationship focus serves as a central mechanism that improves information processing even prior to interaction and, ultimately, decision-making performance in diverse settings. We introduce the construct of premeeting elaboration (i.e., the extent to which individuals consider their own and others’ perspectives in the anticipation of an interaction) and explore its link with social category diversity and relationship focus. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that when disagreement occurs, social category diversity increases premeeting elaboration, with relationship focus as a central causal mechanism. Experiment 3 shows that premeeting elaboration has important implications for performance: disagreeing dyads with social category diversity elaborate more prior to meeting and, as a result, perform better on a decision-making task than those with social category homogeneity. We discuss the value of studying early-stage interaction and propose a reconsideration of the “downside” of social category diversity.

show abstract

“…Rationale for CPerM notifications: Studies have shown that acknowledging the uniqueness of peripheral members' expertise may increase their confidence, and thus improve their level of participation and contribution (Phillips, 2003;Thomas-Hunt et al, 2003). In addition, CPerM can be motivated to participate more by becoming aware of the importance of their unique expertise for the rest of the community (Thomas-Hunt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Adaptive Notification Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive notifications to support knowledge sharing in close-knit virtual communities

Kleanthous

Dimitrova

2012

User Model User-Adap Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social web-groups where people with common interests and goals communicate, share resources, and construct knowledge, are becoming a major part of today's organisational practice. Research has shown that appropriate support for effective knowledge sharing tailored to the needs of the community is paramount. This brings a new challenge to user modelling and adaptation, which requires new techniques for gaining sufficient understanding of a virtual community and identifying areas where the community may need support. The research presented here addresses this challenge presenting a novel computational approach for community-tailored support underpinned by organisational psychology and aimed at facilitating the functioning of the community as a whole (i.e. as an entity). A framework describing how key community processes -transactive memory, shared mental models, and cognitive centrality -can be utilised to derive knowledge sharing patterns from community log data is described. The framework includes two parts: (i) extraction of a community model that represents the community based on the key processes identified and (ii) identification of knowledge sharing behaviour patterns that are used to generate adaptive notifications. Although the notifications target individual members, they aim to influence individuals' behaviour in a way that can benefit the functioning of the community as a whole. A validation study has been performed to examine the effect of community-adapted notifications on individual members and on the community as a whole using a close-knit community of researchers sharing references. The study shows that notification messages can improve members' awareness and perception of how they relate to other members in the community. Interesting observations have been made about the linking between the physical and the virtual community, and how this may influence members' awareness and knowledge sharing behaviour. Broader implications for using log data to derive community models based on key community processes and generating community-adapted notifications are discussed.

show abstract

The Effects of Categorically Based Expectations on Minority Influence: The Importance of Congruence

Cited by 154 publications

References 48 publications

Teamwork in Health Care: Maximizing Collective Intelligence via Inclusive Collaboration and Open Communication

Teamwork in Health Care: Maximizing Collective Intelligence via Inclusive Collaboration and Open Communication

Social Category Diversity Promotes Premeeting Elaboration: The Role of Relationship Focus

Adaptive notifications to support knowledge sharing in close-knit virtual communities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About