The effects of changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels on oxidative metabolism during moderate exercise in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Akanji, Abayomi A.; Osifo, Egbe; Kirk, M.; Hockaday, T. D. R.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90098-9

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1991, Akanji et al. 1993); in one study, growth hormone concentrations were seen to rise considerably with acipimox, perhaps reflecting the inhibitory feedback of NEFA on the hypothalamus (Akanji et al. 1993).…”

Section: Current Views: Delivery Of Fatty Acids In Relation To Musculmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, with suppression of lipolysis, oxidation of carbohydrate and of fat from other sources increases (Walker et al. 1991, Akanji et al. 1993); in one study, growth hormone concentrations were seen to rise considerably with acipimox, perhaps reflecting the inhibitory feedback of NEFA on the hypothalamus (Akanji et al.…”

Section: Current Views: Delivery Of Fatty Acids In Relation To Musculmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fat as a fuel: emerging understanding of the adipose tissue–skeletal muscle axis

Frayn

2010

Acta Physiologica

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The early pioneers in the field of metabolism during exercise such as Lindhard and Krogh understood the importance of fat as a fuel for muscle contraction. But they could not have understood the details of the pathways involved, as neither the metabolic role of adipose tissue nor the transport role of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma was clearly understood at the time. We now recognize that the onset of muscular contraction coincides with an increase in the delivery of NEFA from adipose tissue, probably coordinated by the sympatho-adrenal system. During light exercise, adipose tissue-derived NEFA make up the majority of the oxidative fuel used by muscle. As exercise is prolonged, the importance of NEFA increases. The onset of exercise is marked by an increased proportion of NEFAs entering beta-oxidation rather than re-esterification and recycling. At moderate intensities of exercise, other sources of fat, potentially plasma- and intramyocellular-triacylglycerol, supplement the supply of plasma NEFA. The delivery of NEFA is augmented by increased adipose tissue blood flow and by other stimuli such as atrial natriuretic peptide. Only during high-intensity exercise is there a failure of adipose tissue to deliver sufficient fatty acids for muscle (which is coupled with an inability of muscle to use them, even when fatty acids are supplied artificially). This limitation of adipose tissue NEFA delivery may reflect some feedback inhibition of lipolysis, perhaps via lactate, or possibly alpha-adrenergic inhibition of lipolysis at very high catecholamine concentrations.

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Section: Current Views: Delivery Of Fatty Acids In Relation To Musculmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Views: Delivery Of Fatty Acids In Relation To Musculmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat as a fuel: emerging understanding of the adipose tissue–skeletal muscle axis

Frayn

2010

Acta Physiologica

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“…Two methods were used to modify NEFA levels: intravenous heparin (which releases lipoprotein lipase from the capillary endothelium, resulting in increased hydrolysis of circulating lipoprotein triglycerides) was used to raise NEFA levels and acipimox (an analogue of nicotinic acid which inhibits adipose tissue lipolysis) was used to lower plasma NEFA levels. Similar strategies to modulate circulating NEFA levels were used in previous studies [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of circulating non‐esterified fatty acids on the entero‐insular axis

Ranganath

Norris

Morgan

et al. 1999

Eur J Clin Investigation

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The inverse relationship in GIP and GLP-1 responses in the obese group after modulation of NEFAs indicates that reciprocal changes between these two hormones may exist to ensure constancy of B-cell stimulation. Our results suggest that in obese subjects compensatory secretion of GIP was incomplete and could not prevent impairment in glucose tolerance after heparin-induced rise in NEFAs. These results may be important in understanding the role of the insulinotropic hormones in carbohydrate metabolism characterized by high NEFA levels such as obesity and diabetes mellitus.

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“…Greater levels of plasma FFA prevent glucose uptake by muscle [30, 31] and could therefore explain the increase in blood glucose levels in the INS trial. In support of this suggestion, reductions in plasma FFA through treatment with acipimox have been shown to decrease fat oxidation, increase carbohydrate oxidation, and lower blood glucose during moderate intensity exercise in T2D patients [32]. Patients with T2D have impaired ability to oxidize muscle glycogen during exercise [19], and the lower plasma glucose availability in the INS trial perhaps explains the greater increase in FFA in that trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Metabolism in Nonobese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following the Acute Restoration of Normoglycaemia

Gaffney

Mansell

Stephens

et al. 2017

Journal of Diabetes Research

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This study investigated how acute restoration of normoglycaemia affected energy metabolism during exercise in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes. Six subjects (mean ± SEM) aged 56.2 ± 2.7 years, with a BMI of 24.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2 and a VO2 peak of 28.7 ml/kg/min, attended the lab on two randomised occasions for a four-hour resting infusion of insulin or saline, followed by 30 minutes cycling at 50% VO2 peak. During the 4 h resting infusion, there was a greater (P < 0.0001) reduction in blood glucose in insulin treatment (INS) (from 11.2 ± 0.6 to 5.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l) than in saline treatment/control (CON) (from 11.5 ± 0.7 to 8.5 ± 0.6 mmol/l). This was associated with a lower (P < 0.05) resting metabolic rate in INS (3.87 ± 0.17) than in CON (4.39 ± 0.30 kJ/min). During subsequent exercise, blood glucose increased significantly in INS from 5.6 ± 0.1 at 0 min to 6.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l at 30 min (P < 0.01), which was accompanied by a lower blood lactate response (P < 0.05). Oxygen uptake, rates of substrate utilization, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were not different between trials. Insulin-induced normoglycaemia increased blood glucose during subsequent exercise without altering overall substrate utilization.

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The effects of changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels on oxidative metabolism during moderate exercise in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Fat as a fuel: emerging understanding of the adipose tissue–skeletal muscle axis

Fat as a fuel: emerging understanding of the adipose tissue–skeletal muscle axis

The effect of circulating non‐esterified fatty acids on the entero‐insular axis

Exercise Metabolism in Nonobese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following the Acute Restoration of Normoglycaemia

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