The effects of cigarette smoking on the human placenta: a light and electron microscopic study

Veen, F. van der; Fox, H.

doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(82)80002-7

Cited by 73 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, the mean crown‐rump length of group 3 litters was also significantly ( p < 0.05) lower when compared with control group. (3) hypoxic‐ischaemic necrosis of the retinal neurones, which are extremely susceptible to hypoxia, because of nicotine‐induced vasoconstriction of the uterine and placental vessels, decreased capillary blood flow, and acute episodes of foetal hypoxia‐ischaemia that are known to occur during pregnancy (van der Veen and Fox, 1982; Morgado et al. , 1994; Slotkin et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gestational nicotine treatment on newborn rat retina: a histopathological and morphometric analysis

Evereklioğlu¹,

Özkırış²,

Alaşehirli

et al. 2003

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gestational nicotine treatment on newborn rat retina: a histopathological and morphometric analysis

Evereklioğlu¹,

Özkırış²,

Alaşehirli

et al. 2003

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Our finding of decreased cQuv is suggestive of decreased oxygen delivery to the fetus, which is supported by our histologic observations. Specifically, the placental histology was notable for significantly increased villous cytotrophoblast cell island formation and conspicuous syncytiotrophoblastic sprouting, which are features previously described in placentas of smokers 27–29 . Although chronic prenatal nicotine exposure resulted in significant histologic changes, we did not observe significant differences in proliferation index (Ki-67), which suggests the late gestation sampling may have revealed hyperplastic islands that formed earlier in gestation 28 .…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A placental pathologist (T.K.M.) evaluated the placental histologic sections while blinded to treatment group and scored for the presence of specific pathological features previously reported to be associated with smoking; including, villous cytotrophoblast cell islands related to abnormal differentiation, villous capillary density (with and without chorangiosis), and syncytiotrophoblastic sprouting 27–29 . Findings had to be present in multiple villi in multiple sections for each case to be considered positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin C supplementation ameliorates the adverse effects of nicotine on placental hemodynamics and histology in nonhuman primates

Schabel

Roberts

et al. 2015

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective We previously demonstrated that prenatal nicotine exposure decreases neonatal pulmonary function in non-human primates (NHP) and maternal Vitamin C supplementation attenuates these deleterious effects. However, nicotine’s effect on placental perfusion and development is not fully understood. This study utilizes non-invasive imaging techniques and histological analysis in a NHP model to test the hypothesis that prenatal nicotine exposure adversely effects placental hemodynamics and development, but is ameliorated by Vitamin C. Study Design Time-mated macaques (n=27) in 4 treatment groups: control (n=5), nicotine only (n=4), Vitamin C only (n=9), and nicotine plus Vitamin C (n=9). Nicotine animals received 2mg/kg/day of nicotine bitartrate (~0.7mg/kg/day free nicotine levels in pregnant human smokers) from days 26–160 (term, 168 days). Vitamin C groups received ascorbic acid at 50, 100 or 250mg/kg/day with or without nicotine. All underwent placental Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) at 135–140 days and Doppler ultrasound at 155 days to measure uterine artery and umbilical vein velocimetry and diameter to calculate uterine artery volume blood flow (cQuta) and placental volume blood flow (cQuv). Animals were delivered by cesarean section at 160 days. A novel DCE-MRI protocol was utilized to calculate placental perfusion from maternal spiral arteries. Placental tissue was processed for histopathology. Results Placental volume blood flow (cQuv) was significantly reduced in nicotine only animals compared with controls and nicotine plus Vitamin C groups (p=0.03). Maternal placental blood flow was not different between experimental groups by DCE-MRI ranging from 0.75–1.94 ml/ml/min (p=0.93). Placental histology showed increased numbers of villous cytotrophoblast cell islands (p<0.05) and increased syncytiotrophoblast sprouting (p<0.001) in nicotine only animals, which was mitigated by Vitamin C. Conclusion Prenatal nicotine exposure significantly decreased fetal blood supply via reduced placental volume blood flow, which corresponded with placental histologic findings previously associated with cigarette smoking. Vitamin C supplementation mitigated the harmful effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on placental hemodynamics and development suggesting its use may limit some of the adverse effects associated with smoking during pregnancy.

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“…In the placentas of preeclamptic women, the rate of syncytiotrophoblastic proliferation and apoptosis is higher [ 82 ]. In women with smoking exposure before conception, it has reported that an increased focal syncytial apoptosis, cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia, loss or distortion of the placental barrier, decreased syncytial pinocytotic vessels, loss of the microvilli, decreased degeneration of cytoplasmic organelles, and increased collagen in the vascular stroma are related with preeclampsia [ 83 – 86 ]. Evidence of syncytial damage, knots, and focal necrosis is higher in smokers [ 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family history of chronic illness, preterm gestational age and smoking exposure before pregnancy increases the probability of preeclampsia in Omo district in southern Ethiopia: a case-control study

et al. 2020

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Background: Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy. However, research indicates that diffuse maternal endothelial damage may persist after childbirth. On the other hand, women who had a history of pre-eclampsia are at an increased risk of vascular disease. Considering that the multifactorial nature of pre-eclampsia in a remote health setting, knowledge of risk factors of preeclampsia gives epidemiological significance specific to the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preeclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal service in Omo district Hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted among women visiting for perinatal service in Omo District public hospitals between February to August 2018. A total of 167 cases and 352 controls were included. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed to examine the effect of the independent variable on preeclampsia using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 window compatible software. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Factors that were found to have a statistically significant association with pre-eclampsia were primary relatives who had history of chronic hypertension (AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06-4.21), family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.20), preterm gestation(AOR = 1.56, 95%CI, 1.05-2.32), and pre-conception smoking exposure (AOR = 4.16, 95%CI, 1.1-15.4). Conclusions: The study identified the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Early detection and timely intervention to manage pre-eclampsia, and obstetric care providers need to emphasize women at preterm gestation and a history of smoking before pregnancy.

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The effects of cigarette smoking on the human placenta: a light and electron microscopic study

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of gestational nicotine treatment on newborn rat retina: a histopathological and morphometric analysis

Effect of gestational nicotine treatment on newborn rat retina: a histopathological and morphometric analysis

Vitamin C supplementation ameliorates the adverse effects of nicotine on placental hemodynamics and histology in nonhuman primates

Family history of chronic illness, preterm gestational age and smoking exposure before pregnancy increases the probability of preeclampsia in Omo district in southern Ethiopia: a case-control study

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