The effects of cinnamaldehyde, monensin and quebracho condensed tannin on rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation and bacteria in continuous culture system

Abstract

Please cite this article in press as: Ishlak, A., et al., The effects of cinnamaldehyde, monensin and quebracho condensed tannin on rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation and bacteria in continuous culture system. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. (2015) b s t r a c tThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different feed additives (cinnamaldehyde, monensin, and quebracho condensed tannin extract) on fermentation, trans fatty acids (FA) formation and selected strains of rumen bacteria. Four continuous culture systems were used in 4 × 4 Latin square designs with 4 periods of 10 days each. Treatment diets were: control diet (44:56 forage to concentrate; CON), control plus cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 400 mg/L, control plus monensin (MON) at 12 mg/L, and control with quebracho condensed tannin extract (QTAN) at 100 g/kg of diet (DM basis). Fermenters were fed treatment diets three times daily at 120 g/day and overflow (effluent) samples were collected from each fermenter on days 8, 9 and 10 of each period to estimate nutrients digestibility and FA composition. On day 10 of each period, three samples were collected from each fermenter at 3 and 6 h post morning feeding for volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia-N and bacterial analyses. Compared with the CON diet, feed additives had no effects (P > 0.05) on apparent dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) digestibility but apparent protein digestibility decreased (P < 0.01) with the QTAN and CIN diets. Compared with the CON diet, the concentration of acetate decreased (P < 0.05) with the MON and CIN diets. The concentration of propionate increased (P < 0.05) with the MON and QTAN diets and was greatest with the MON diet. Ammonia-N concentration decreased (P < 0.01) with all feed additives and was least with the QTAN diet. The concentration of C18:0 decreased (P < 0.01) with the three feed additives and was least with the MON diet. Concentration of trans C18:1 and vaccenic acid (VA) increased (P < 0.05) with the MON and CIN diets and was greatest with the MON diet. Compared with the CON diet, the concentration of c9t11CLA increased (P < 0.05) only with the QTAN diet. The DNA abundance of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticum decreased (P < 0.05) with the MON and CIN diets while the DNA abundance for Butyrivibrio VA increased (P < 0.05) with all feed additives compared with the CON diet. Feed additives had no effects (P > 0.05) on the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Butyrivibrio SA.In conclusion, results demonstrate that the feed additives used in this study affected the fermentation and biohydrogenation process.

Rumen microbiota and dietary fat: a mutual shaping

“…Similarly, tannins decreased abundances of B. proteoclasticus and increased B. fibrisolvens (Ishlak et al . ) in vitro , which is consistent with VA accumulation as observed by Vasta et al . ().…”

“…) or increased (Ishlak et al . ) the abundance of B. fibrisolvens in vitro , which could explain changes in the profile of BH products in the rumen (Lourenço et al . ).…”

Modulation ofin vitrorumen biohydrogenation byCistus ladanifertannins compared with other tannin sources

“…Recently, it was shown that the effects of tannins on BH might be dose‐dependent and that there are interactions between the tannin type and the dose used . Commercial tannin extract from quebracho seems to be more active on BH at lower doses and its effects disappear when included at 80 g kg −1 DM, which might explain the absence of effect at 100 g kg −1 DM reported by us and by other authors . Also, the effects of GS and CH on BH were described to be tendentiously attenuated at higher doses although not disappearing completely at 80 g kg −1 DM .…”

“…12,13 Commercial tannin extract from quebracho seems to be more active on BH at lower doses and its effects disappear when included at 80 g kg −1 DM, 12 which might explain the absence of effect at 100 g kg −1 DM reported by us and by other authors. 26 Also, the effects of GS and CH on BH were described to be tendentiously attenuated at higher doses although not disappearing completely at 80 g kg −1 DM. 12 In our experiment, CH was ineffective at 100 g kg −1 DM but GS was highly effective at even a higher dose, considering that we used purified grape seed extract.…”

Garlic oil reduces ruminal fatty acid biohydrogenation in vitro

“…In our trial, cinnamon oil (330 mg/L rumen fluid) did not change rumen lipid metabolism. Recently an in vitro study using a continuous culture system showed that cinnamaldehyde (400 mg/L) increased cis and trans C18:1 at the expense of C18:0, a slight increase in C18:3c9c12c15 and in C18:2c9c12 being found [17]. Taken together, these three studies are not conclusive, and it is likely that differences between them cannot be explained only by the dose of additive, by the difference between cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde, or by the difference in fermented substrate.…”