The effects of cognitively demanding dual-task driving condition on elderly people’s driving performance; Real driving monitoring

Ebnali, Mahdi; Ahmadnezhad, Pedram; Shateri, Alireza; Mazloumi, Adel; Ebnali-Heidari, Majid; Nazeri, Ahmad Reza

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2016.05.016

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Some researchers have suggested that drivers engage in compensatory behaviour to offset the increased workload or crash risk while being distracted [19]. There are four main compensatory behaviours drivers conducted when involved in distraction, including reducing speed [10,41], increasing following distance (or THW) [10], modifying attention allocated to driving and secondary tasks, and choosing not to use in-vehicle devices [19]. Among these compensatory measures, drivers' speed and following THW are significant factors, which influence the accident occurring probability and severity [9,12].…”

Section: Driver Compensatory Behaviour For Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improve adaptive cruise control under driver distraction: Time headway compensation based on a random‐effect crash risk model

Chen

et al. 2021

IET Intelligent Trans Sys

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Human drivers conduct compensatory behaviour to counteract the increased risk while being distracted. This kind of compensation strategy should be learned for a safer and smart design of adaptive cruise control system (ACC). Hence, a simulator study was conducted, requiring performance visual, cognitive, and combined secondary tasks during a car following scenario. An increased time headway (THW) was found in all of the three distraction conditions, which confirmed that drivers compensated an extra THW to counteract the increased crash risk. Furthermore, crash probability models using binary logistic regression with random intercept were constructed where driver distraction and dynamic traffic situations were embodied as inputs. Results showed that crash risk increased with reduced THW, increased lead vehicle deceleration, and unopened brake light of the lead vehicle. Besides, visual-related distractions increased crash risk, while pure cognitive distraction lowered crash risk in low THW (lower than 1.8 s) condition and increased crash risk in high THW (larger than 1.8 s) condition. Based on the authors' proposed models, theoretical compensation in THW to fully counteract the increased crash risk by distraction was derived, which could be used for the design of a human-like ACC with automatic adjustment of THW setting considering driver distraction.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Driver Compensatory Behaviour For Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improve adaptive cruise control under driver distraction: Time headway compensation based on a random‐effect crash risk model

Chen

et al. 2021

IET Intelligent Trans Sys

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“…Older people can expect a longer and healthier life than previous generations, with more activity, mobility, and longer valid driving licenses [5] [6], but longevity brings cognitive changes that can concern both older drivers and other road users regarding their safety [7] [8] [9]. Several studies suggest that the elderly have greater limitations in safe driving tasks [10] [11] [12], often related to cognitive flexibility, visual perception, selective attention [13], and divided attention [14] [15] [16]. The driving task requires the ability to receive and process sensory information and make proper, timely judgments and responses [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Aspects of Aging and Driving for Inclusive Automotive Interior Design

Fernandes¹,

Espino²

2021

JTTs

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As people grow older, their cognitive functions undergo changes which may result in uncomfortable driving situations and even increase the risk of accidents. This research aims to understand the neuropsychological aspects of healthy aging and their possible relationship in changes in motor performance or ability. The research methodology is descriptive and includes a collection of basic studies in the scope of neuroscience, driving tasks, and older driver behavior. The final analysis points to certain changes in the functioning of the cerebral cortex and its connections as being responsible for poor performance in some basic driving tasks, but which can be compensated for by means of adapted mechanisms in motor vehicles. This study may contribute as a methodological tool, to the automobile design process, for the selection of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) or other emerging technologies which can compensate cognitive changes, improve safety, comfort and inclusion of older drivers in the future of automobile interior design. We conclude that in normal aging, people may present some cognitive deficits especially linked to the frontal and parietal lobe, which interfere with the necessary driving skills albeit not with the dangerous ones and can be compensated by technological solutions. The main innovation of this article is related to the bibliographical compilation and critical analysis in terms of identifying the neuropsychological aspects of normal human aging and car driving and its relationship with possible contributions from vehicular technology, as well its consider future trends in automotive interior design that should be analysed with caution in order to users inclusion.

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“…As such, broad object awareness may generally be limited during driving compared to less complex tasks, particularly during conditions of higher cognitive and perceptual load. For instance, cognitive load can be increased during driving by the introduction of multitasking requirements (e.g., listening/talking, holding information in memory, navigating; Strayer and Johnston, 2001; Strayer et al, 2003, 2013; Horrey and Wickens, 2006; Blalock et al, 2014; Cuenen et al, 2015; Donmez and Liu, 2015; Ebnali et al, 2016; Svetina, 2016; Murphy and Greene, 2017a; Caird et al, 2018; Wechsler et al, 2018) and perceptual load may be introduced by, for example, environmental clutter (e.g., traffic, buildings, signs, pedestrians; Marciano and Yeshurun, 2012, 2015; Stinchcombe and Gagnon, 2013; Ericson et al, 2017; Michaels et al, 2017), or by increasing perceptual task difficulty (e.g., judging maneuverability around closely arranged obstacles; Murphy and Greene, 2015, 2016). Previous studies with younger drivers have demonstrated more instances of inattentional blindness during conditions of higher compared to lower cognitive and perceptual load (e.g., Most and Astur, 2007; Blalock et al, 2014; Murphy and Greene, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b; Ericson et al, 2017; see Murphy et al, 2016 for a review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattentional Blindness During Driving in Younger and Older Adults

2019

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Age-related changes to perceptual and cognitive abilities have been implicated in an increased risk of collision in older adults. This may be due, in part, to their reduced ability to attend to potentially relevant aspects of their driving environment. An associated general phenomenon of inattentional blindness involves a failure to notice visually presented objects or events when attention is directed elsewhere. Previous studies of inattentional blindness using computer paradigms report higher incidence of this effect in older compared to younger adults. However, little is known about whether these age-related effects are observed during more complex, realistic, everyday tasks, such as driving. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore whether younger and older adults differ in their awareness of objects in their driving environment when their attention is directed toward another primary driving task. This study took place in a high-fidelity, full field of view, driving simulator. Thirty-two younger ( M age = 25.41) and 32 older ( M age = 73.41) adults drove through 19 short scenarios and were asked to first judge whether their vehicle could fit between two rows of vehicles parked on either side of the road and then to perform the associated driving maneuver (i.e., drive through or drive around). On four critical trials, objects were placed on the side of the road that differed in terms of animacy. Specifically, animate objects consisted of 3D humans standing by a bus shelter and inanimate objects consisted of photographs of the same individuals on a bus shelter advertisement. Inattentional blindness was measured via a post-drive, tablet-based recognition task immediately following the critical trials. Results revealed high rates of inattentional blindness across both age groups, with significantly lower levels of awareness for inanimate objects compared to animate objects. Further, whereas younger adults demonstrated reduced inattentional blindness following the first critical trial, older adults did not show this immediate improvement in recognition performance. Overall, this study provides unique insights into the factors associated with age-related changes to attention and how they may affect important driving-related outcomes.

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The effects of cognitively demanding dual-task driving condition on elderly people’s driving performance; Real driving monitoring

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Improve adaptive cruise control under driver distraction: Time headway compensation based on a random‐effect crash risk model

Improve adaptive cruise control under driver distraction: Time headway compensation based on a random‐effect crash risk model

Neuropsychological Aspects of Aging and Driving for Inclusive Automotive Interior Design

Inattentional Blindness During Driving in Younger and Older Adults

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