Purpose:To determine the effect of cold ambient conditions on proprioception and cognitive function in elite alpine skiers. Methods: 22 high-level Alpine skiers and 14 control participants performed a proprioceptive acuity (active movement extent discrimination) and a cognitive (planning task) test in cold (8ºC) and temperate (24ºC) ambient conditions. Results: All participants displayed an increase in thermal discomfort and in the amount of negative affects in cold environment (all p<0.05). Average proprioceptive acuity was significantly better in the elite skiers (0.46±0.12 deg) than in the control group (0.55±0.12 deg) (p<0.05) and was not affected by cold ambient conditions, except for a shift in the pattern of error (overestimation vs. underestimation, p<0.05). Cognitive performance was similar between elite skiers and control participants in temperate environments, but decreased in the cold in the control group only (p<0.05) becoming lower than in elite skiers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Elite alpine skiers showed a significantly better proprioceptive acuity than a control population and were also able to maintain their performance during a cognitive task in cold environment.