The effects of copper on the efficacy of phytase, growth, and phosphorus retention in broiler chicks

Banks, KM; Thompson, K. L.; Jaynes, P.; Applegate, T. J.

doi:10.1093/ps/83.8.1335

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Further Cu-supplementations from inorganic and/or organic sources did not significantly improve turkeys performance and health. Other authors (Guo et al, 2001;Banks et al, 2004a) reported also that copper source did not affect broiler performance. MIKULSKI D. ET AL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements

Mikulski¹,

Jankowski²,

Zduńczyk³

et al. 2009

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The aim of this study was to examine the effect supplementation of diet with 20 mg Cu/kg from copper sulphate (Cu-SUL) and/or copper amino acid chelate (Cu-AA) on the copper balance, bone mineralization status and growth performance of turkeys. A total of 840 one-day-old heavy Large White BIG-6 turkey males were randomly assigned to 4 groups: Cu-0, Cu-SUL, Cu-SUL/ Cu-AA and Cu-AA. The results of the present study confirm the Cu-requirements for growing/ fattening turkeys given by scientific bodies (e.g., NRC, INRA, GfE). The Cu unsupplemented basal diet contained 11.3 mg Cu/kg is enough for turkeys and further Cu-supplementations are not necessary. Further supplementations from inorganic and/or organic sources did not significantly improve turkeys performance and health. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity, physico-chemical properties of bone and the concentrations of Ca and P in the tibial bone were generally not affected by dietary treatment. Further Cu supplementation from inorganic and/or organic sources increase the Cu-excretion (from 808 to 1915-2164 mg per animal) and may cause additional environmental problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements

Mikulski¹,

Jankowski²,

Zduńczyk³

et al. 2009

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…However, Robbins and Baker (1980) and Banks et al (2004b) reported that supplementation of 250 mg/kg of Cu had no significant effect on broiler BW gain and feed conversion efficiency. Banks et al (2004a) noted that Cu supplementation with 250 mg/kg from Cu Sul decreased BW gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion efficiency. Although conflicting results about growth benefits of high dietary Cu on broilers have been reported, the poultry industry still adds high concentrations of Cu to diets as a growth promoter and for its purported bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of copper concentration and source on ileal microbiota

2009

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Copper is normally supplemented in poultry diets as a growth promotant and antimicrobial. However, there are conflicting reports about the growth benefits and little information about how Cu affects the microbiota in the intestinal tract of poultry. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted with broilers to determine the effects of Cu source and supplementation on ileal microbiota. The influence of Cu on growth of lactobacilli and Escherichia coli in media inoculated with ileal contents was determined in the first study. When Cu sulfate pentahydrate was supplemented to the cultures, quadratic increases in lactobacilli to graded concentrations of Cu up to 125 mg/kg and quadratic decreases in E. coli up to 250 mg/kg of Cu were observed after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. However, when tribasic Cu chloride (TBCC) was supplemented, neither linear nor quadratic responses to graded concentrations of dietary Cu were observed on number of lactobacilli or number of E. coli. The effects of Cu and Cu source on ileal microbiota and growth performance in broiler chickens were determined in the second study. Bird performance was not affected by Cu source or concentration. The bacterial culture enumeration results revealed that supplementation with 187.5 mg/kg of Cu from Cu sulfate pentahydrate and TBCC had no effect on number of ileal lactobacilli of birds. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses of ileal microbial communities revealed that neither Cu supplementation nor source had effects on the number of bacterial species predominant in the ileal digesta or associated with the ileal mucosa. Supplementation with TBCC supplementation significantly increased the similarity coefficients of microbiota in the ileal mucosa compared with cross-products of all individuals. This suggests that TBCC may alter the intestinal microbiota, yet this shift had no effect on bird performance.

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“…Most studies that correlate dietary phytase inclusion with phosphorus availability and bone deposition express their results as bone ash and phosphorus percentage and as bone strength (Banks et al, 2004;Payne et al, 2005;Pérsia & Saylor, 2006e Martinez et al, 2006, and suggest that the inclusion of phytase in diets with different available phosphorus levels promote higher ash content or tibia strength. Means followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different (p<0.05) by the test of Tukey.1 -ns -not significant ; ** -significant (p < 0.01).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inclusion of 250 FTU phytase/kg feed and no phytase supplementation (control treatment) promoted the best results. Onyango et al (2004) evaluated the inclusion of phytase in feeds based on corn and soybean meal with reduced phosphorus content in starter broilers, and observed that bone density, bone mineral content, bone strength, and ash percentage were positively influenced by dietary phytase supplementation.Most studies that correlate dietary phytase inclusion with phosphorus availability and bone deposition express their results as bone ash and phosphorus percentage and as bone strength (Banks et al, 2004;Payne et al, 2005; Pérsia & Saylor, 2006 e Martinez et al., 2006, and suggest that the inclusion of phytase in diets with different available phosphorus levels promote higher ash content or tibia strength. Means followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different (p<0.05) by the test of Tukey.1 -ns -not significant ; ** -significant (p < 0.01).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary phytase suplementation on the performance, bone densitometry, and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion of broilers

Assuena

Junqueira

Duarte

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of different levels of phytase on broiler performance, bone densitometry, and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion. Nine hundred and sixty one-day old broilers, 50% males and 50% females, were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments and six replicates 32 birds each. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four diets with the addition 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/ ton of phytase (250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU of phytase/kg fed). Diets were formulated to contain equal nutritional levels, and considered the phytase product nutritional levels. In general, the addition of phytase resulted in a linear decrease in broiler performance. However, the performance results obtained with the level of 250 FTU phytase/kg feed were not different from the control treatment. The best bone density results were observed in the control treatment, with no phytase. The results of this experiment indicate that the nutritional matrix of the phytase product needs to be reviewed when added in levels higher 250 FTU/kg to broiler diets. INTRODUCTIONAiming at lowering production costs, many current research studies have focused on improving the efficiency of feedstuff utilization and to reduce the impact of animal production on the environment (Payne et al., 2005).Phosphorus is one of the most expensive nutrient of poultry and swine feeds, second only to energy and protein (Borges, 1997). It is nutritionally essential, as shown by its several roles in the body, and it is particularly important during growth. However, two thirds of the phosphorus contained in cereal grains and oil seeds are in the form of phytate, which can bind to other nutrients, rendering them unavailable for poultry and pigs, thereby, requiring dietary inorganic phosphorus supplementation (Denbow et al., 1995).The production of industrial phytase is based on microorganisms, using DNA recombination techniques. This enzyme increases phosphorus (P) availability in plant feed ingredients, where P is usually present as phytate. The dietary supplementation of phytase allows poultry and pigs to more efficiently absorb phosphorus, reducing the amount of inorganic phosphorus supplementation, and promoting better weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, and bone mineralization, as well as reducing mortality (Qian et al., 1996).Along with calcium, phosphorus has an essential role in bone formation. In the animal, phosphorus comprises about 1% of live weight, and it is carefully considered when feeds and supplements are formulated. About 80% of phosphorus in the animal body is deposited 26in bones and teeth. Therefore, the inclusion of phytase in broiler diets may enhance their bone development. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of different levels of phytase on broiler performance, bone densitometry, and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion in the litter during the starter (1 to 21 days), grower (22 to 42 days), and t...

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The effects of copper on the efficacy of phytase, growth, and phosphorus retention in broiler chicks

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements

Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements

The influence of copper concentration and source on ileal microbiota

Effect of dietary phytase suplementation on the performance, bone densitometry, and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion of broilers

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