The effects of cotyledon senescence on the composition and physical properties of membrane lipid

McKersie, Bryan D.; Lepock, James R.; Kruuv, J.; Thompson, John E.

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(78)90325-5

Cited by 94 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Plasma membrane permeability has been studied in fungi by applying watersoluble spin probes together with broadening agents (Miller and Barran, 1977;Miller, 1978). The dynamic properties of membranes have been studied with the help of hydrophobic spin probes (Miller and De La Roche, 1976;McKersie et al, 1978).…”

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An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin-Probe Study of Membrane-Permeability Changes with Seed Aging

1997

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We developed an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe technique to study changes in the barrier properties of plasma membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds during aging under dry storage. l h e estimation of these barrier properties was based on the differential permeability of membranes for the stable free radical 4-0~0-2,2,6,6-tetramethyI-l-piperidinyloxy and the broadening agent ferricyanide. l h e line-height ratio between the water and lipid components in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of 4-0~0-2,2,6,6-tetramethyI-l -piperidinyloxy ( R value) allowed for the quantitative assessment of the plasma membrane permeability in small samples, enabling separate studies of the axis, scutellum, aleurone layer, and starchy endosperm tissue. High R values corresponded to low permeability and vice versa. Starchy endosperm cells had completely permeable plasma membranes even in mature, viable seeds. l h e loss of germinability with aging coincided with a considerably increased plasma membrane permeability of the embryo axis cells, but not of the scutellum and aleurone layer cells. l h e threshold R value for the individual axes associated with viability loss was established at 5 to 6 , with the total ranging from O to more than 12. We suggest that the R value of an individual axis is the result of contributions from all individual cells, each of them characterized by a different permeability. l h e loss of viability, therefore, corresponds to the accumulation of cells having permeability above a critical level.

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An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin-Probe Study of Membrane-Permeability Changes with Seed Aging

1997

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“…Moreover, during senescence there is a pronounced loss of membrane phospholipid that has been attributed to fatty acid deesterification (2,3,16 Figure 4. Microsomal membranes alone possess ethyleneproducing capability, but this was increased in the presence of phospholipase A2 and inceased still further when Ca:Calmodulin was present as well (Fig.…”

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“…Loss of membrane fatty acids is an inherent feature of senescence (2,3,16), and thus it is to be expected that phospholipases contribute to membrane deterioration. The products of phospholipase A2 activity are fatty acids and lysophosphatides.…”

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Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Membrane Deterioration during Senescence of Pea Foliage

Leshem¹,

Sridhara²,

Thompson³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACrThe prospect that Ca+2 promotes senescence by activating al has been e d using cut pea (Pisan satiwm co Aska) foliasge a model system. Senescence was induced by severing 17-day-old plats from their roots and mainting them in aqueous test solu in the dark for an additiona 4 days. Treatment of the foliage with the Ca2+ ionophore (A23187) during the senescence-inductio period promoted a laterd phase separtion of the bulk lipids in mirosom membranes indicating that intention of Ca2+ failitates membrae deterioation. In addition, microsomal membres from ionophore-treated tissue displayed an in capacity to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid to ethylene and an increased propensity to produce the superoxide anion (02-). Treatment (23). These compounds are able to translocate Ca2+ from an aqueous phase across the intact bilayer into another aqueous compartment, are permselective with respect to the two major divalent cations of physiological fluids (Ca > Mg), and do not lyse the membrane. This observation is of particular significance in the context of senescing tissues because there is now evidence that free radical-mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids is a characteristic feature of senescence (3). Moreover, products of membrane lipid peroxidation, which would include oxidized di-and trienoic fatty acids, apparently accumulate in membrane matrices with advancing senescence and contribute to lateral phase separations in the lipid bilayers of senescing membranes (1).Exogenous Ca2' has been shown to delay senescence of apple tissue slices, in particular ethylene production and the onset of lipid peroxidation (9). However, this effect has been attributed to the ability of Ca2" to rigidify the surfaces of lipid bilayers by acting as a divalent ligand (7)

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“…Seedling growth of mung beans is accompanied by the apparent proliferation of new ER cisternae in the cotyledons (12) and the biosynthesis of ER-associated molecules (N. R. Gilkes and M. J. Chrispeels, unpublished). At the same time, there is a dramatic decline in the phospholipid levels of the cotyledons (9,10,24 'To whom reprint requests should be addressed. …”

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Characteristics and Subcellular Localization of Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase in Mung Bean Cotyledons

Herman¹,

Chrispeels²

1980

Plant Physiol.

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Mixed micelles of 32P-labeled phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid (PA) and the nonionic detergent octylphenol polyethylene oxide were used to assay the activities of phospholipase D and PA phosphatase in crude extracts of mung bean ( Vigna radiata) cotyledons. Together these enzymes degrade phosphatidylcholine to free choline, inorganic phosphate, and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol. Here, we extend a preliminary observation (9) showing that extracts of mung bean cotyledons rapidly degrade PC and PE. The two enzymes responsible for this catabolism (phospholipase D and PA phosphatase) have been partially characterized. This is, as far as the authors are aware, the first report of the presence of an acidic PA phosphatase in plant cells.As part of an ongoing examination of the role of the ER in the mobilization of food reserves in storage tissues during seedling growth, both the biosynthesis and the breakdown of phospholipids in mung bean cotyledons are being investigated. Seedling growth of mung beans is accompanied by the apparent proliferation of new ER cisternae in the cotyledons (12) and the biosynthesis of ER-associated molecules (N. R. Gilkes and M. J. Chrispeels, unpublished). At the same time, there is a dramatic decline in the phospholipid levels of the cotyledons (9,10,24 'To whom reprint requests should be addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of the mung bean [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cv. Berken] were obtained from Burpee Corp. The seeds were surface-sterilized with a 10%1o (v/v) NaOCl solution, thoroughly rinsed, and allowed to imbibe H20 overnight with aeration. The imbibed seeds were sown in moist vermiculite and the seedlings were allowed to grow in the dark.

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The effects of cotyledon senescence on the composition and physical properties of membrane lipid

Cited by 94 publications

References 21 publications

An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin-Probe Study of Membrane-Permeability Changes with Seed Aging

An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin-Probe Study of Membrane-Permeability Changes with Seed Aging

Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Membrane Deterioration during Senescence of Pea Foliage

Characteristics and Subcellular Localization of Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase in Mung Bean Cotyledons

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