“…Wuyts et al’s DSI model, presented in 2000, is a multivariate model that provides an objective and quantitative indicator of overall voice quality by incorporating acoustic (jitter, and the lowest intensity and highest fundamental frequency in the vocal range profile) and aerodynamic (maximum phonation time of the vowel [a:]) markers [ 9 ]. DSI has been regarded as a valuable and viable assessment for assessing overall voice quality, voice treatment, vocal training, and phonosurgery results [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Additional research found connections between the DSI and auditory-perceptual judgment and quality of life evaluation, establishing the DSI as a valid approach for evaluating dysphonia severity [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”