From the perspective of the implementation of China's cross-border e-commerce industrial policy, this study empirically tests the impact of cross-border e-commerce industrial policy on the quality of agricultural products exported by China through using the HS6-digit export data in CEPII-BACI database from 2006 to 2020 and adopting the Difference-in-Difference method. The research shows that the cross-border e-commerce industrial policy has a significant positive impact on the quality of agricultural products exported by China. The study also found that there is significant heterogeneity in the impact on agricultural products exported from different regions and with different quality levels. Finally, the mechanism test conclusion shows that cross-border e-commerce mainly promotes the improvement of export quality of agricultural products exported by China through export competition effect and export learning effect.