The effects of cryotherapy on athletes’ muscle strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular control: A systematic review of the literature

Kallis, Kalli; Fousekis, Konstantinos

doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.11.001

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite limited evidence, it is speculated that cryotherapy may, due to phenomena such as vasoconstriction and increased tissue viscosity, hinder the interaction between myofibril cross bridges, which would generate muscle torque deficit (Kalli and Fousekis, 2020), which differs from the results obtained in the present study, in which it is believed that the decrease in nerve conduction, with a consequent increase in the nociceptive threshold (Gutiérrez Espinoza et al, 2010), may have allowed greater muscle torque. FIG.…”

Section: Figcontrasting

confidence: 87%

Analysis of Wistar Rats Submitted to a Gout Model, Treated with Double Cryotherapy Protocol

Tavares

Reginato

Neves

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Figcontrasting

confidence: 87%

Analysis of Wistar Rats Submitted to a Gout Model, Treated with Double Cryotherapy Protocol

Tavares

Reginato

Neves

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Furthermore, the effects of congested schedules on performance and injury risk may be heighted due to accumulative fatigue and literature encourages the need for optimal recovery strategies [ 24 ]. Cryotherapy in many forms is used for recovery and is common practice within elite performance settings despite limited evidence for its efficacy or use [ 26 ]. The current study observed several parameters, both physiological and biomechanical in nature, representing typical monitoring techniques used during a competitive football season with results demonstrating significant main effects for group, for CMJ data following exposure to cooling (Game Ready ® ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of recovery protocols is often quantified by neuromuscular function through various assessment of contractile properties. Definitive conclusions as to the effects of cryotherapy on neuromuscular performance however are problematic to draw based on available literature [ 26 ]. Previous studies typically quantify the effects of CWI for recovery, using CMJ as a means of measuring neuromuscular performance [ 29 , 30 ], this is the first study to our knowledge that explores the Game Ready ® quantified in a comparable fashion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of contemporary cryo-compression on post-training performance in elite academy footballers

Alexander¹,

Keegan²,

Reedy³

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fatigue is a predisposing risk factor for injury commonly investigated in elite football populations. Little evidence advocates the most beneficial recovery strategies including contemporary cooling applications. The aim of the study was to examine immediate effects of the Game Ready ® on physiological and biomechanical measures in a population of elite male academy footballers, following a fatiguing training session mid-competitive season. Twenty, elite male footballers took part (180.2 ± 8.7cm, 75.0 ± 11.4kg, 18 ± 0.5years). Following a normal fatiguing training session, players were randomly assigned to receive either cryotherapy (Game Ready ® ) (20-minutes at medium compression (5–55 mm Hg)) or passive recovery (PAS). Data was collected at match-day+1, immediately post-training and immediately post-intervention. Performance measures included countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric adductor strength (IAS), hamstring flexibility (HF), and skin surface temperature (T sk ). Significant main effects for group for CMJ data following exposure to cooling were displayed (p = < 0.05). Individual group analysis displayed a significant reduction in CMJ performance in the group exposed to cryotherapy (p = < 0.05) immediately post, but not for PAS. No main effects were identified for cryotherapy or PAS group for IAS or HF (p = > 0.05). T sk reduced significantly (p = < 0.05) in the cryotherapy group, meeting therapeutic T sk range. Reductions in performance immediately following exposure to pneumatic cryo-compressive devices may negate the justification of this recovery strategy if neuromuscular mechanisms are required in immediate short term. Application of such recovery strategies however are dependent on the type of recovery demand and should be adapted individually to suit the needs of the athlete to optimise readiness to train/play.

show abstract

“…The goal of this therapy should not be to completely avoid oedema (this is not feasible), but to reduce the extent of oedema. There is strong evidence that ice can reduce pain (Bleakley et al, 2006) and moderate evidence that cryotherapy significantly reduces oedema if applied immediately after acute trauma and improves joint range of motion (Kalli and Fousekis, 2019). Reducing swelling through cryotherapy will also reduce the secondary hypoxic injury resulting from the compression and hypoxia of healthy neighbouring structures (Ho et al, 1994).…”

Section: Dear Editor-in-chiefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor Soft Tissue Injuries may need PEACE in the Acute Phase, but Moderate and Severe Injuries Require CARE

Fousekis¹,

Tsepis²

2021

jsportscimed

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the past 30 years, conflicting and confusing theories have abounded for the acute-stage treatment of musculoskeletal injuries due to a lack of sufficient, high-quality research that substantiates an ideal approach. The main controversy concerns the use of cryotherapy. While cryotherapy has become established as a vital component of the initial treatment of musculoskeletal injuries as part of the rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE) approach (Mirkin and Hoffman, 1978), doubts about its efficacy have arisen in recent years. In fact, the latest proposal is to use the protection, elevation, avoid, compression and education (PEACE) approach as acute-stage treatment of musculoskeletal injuries (Dubois and Esculier, 2020). This involves protection and elevation of the injured limb, avoidance of anti-inflammatory drugs and cryotherapy, compression of the injured limb and patient education.

show abstract

The effects of cryotherapy on athletes’ muscle strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular control: A systematic review of the literature

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Analysis of Wistar Rats Submitted to a Gout Model, Treated with Double Cryotherapy Protocol

Analysis of Wistar Rats Submitted to a Gout Model, Treated with Double Cryotherapy Protocol

Effects of contemporary cryo-compression on post-training performance in elite academy footballers

Minor Soft Tissue Injuries may need PEACE in the Acute Phase, but Moderate and Severe Injuries Require CARE

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About